Research Article | Open Access | Download PDF
Volume 13 | Issue 9 | Year 2026 | Article Id. IJEEE-V13I9P101 | DOI : https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V13I9P101Energy Production and Economic Feasibility of a Tidal Barrage System in the Gulf of Khambhat
Pankaj Warak, Prerna Goswami
| Received | Revised | Accepted | Published |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23 May 2026 | 25 Jun 2026 | 26 Aug 2026 | 26 Sep 2026 |
Citation :
Pankaj Warak, Prerna Goswami, "Energy Production and Economic Feasibility of a Tidal Barrage System in the Gulf of Khambhat," International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 1-16, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V13I9P101
Abstract
Rising need for clean and reliable energy has raised tidal power system interest. The large tidal range in the Gulf of Khambhat has good potential for the extraction of tidal energy. To assess the feasibility of a proposed tidal barrage using harmonic tidal reconstruction and dynamic basin modelling techniques for the purposes of estimating the hydraulic head, turbine discharges and the power production. Annual energy production and capacity factor are calculated, and a simulation of key design parameters is performed as a sensitivity analysis. The findings show potential for a 500 km² basin to produce ~3.44 TWh per annum, and large-scale systems may be expected to produce 15-18 TWh per annum. Economic analysis using LCOE and Monte Carlo Simulation suggests that performance improves with scale. Overall, the study shows that the Gulf of Khambhat can be a promising site for predictable tidal energy generation with proper design optimization.
Keywords
Energy production, Gulf of Khambhat, Lcoe, Monte Carlo Simulation, Tidal energy.
References
- Xiaochao Li et al., “Analysis of the Development of Tidal Energy and its Implementation,” Energy, Sustainability and Society, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2025.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Vikas Khare, and Miraj Ahmed Bhuiyan, “Tidal Energy-Path Towards Sustainable Energy: A Technical Review,” Cleaner Energy Systems, vol. 3, pp. 1-16, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Ghandi Narges, Saghafi Hadi, and Abbasian Mohammadali, “Review and Analysis of Tidal Current Turbines and the Application of Induction Switched Reluctance Generator (ISRG) for Power Generation from Tidal Energy Resources,” Technical Strategies in Water Systems, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 191-215, 2025.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Agustina Skiarski, Nicolas Faedo, and John Ringwood, “Optimal Control of Tidal Barrages Considering Economic Factors,” Proceedings of the European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, vol. 16, 2025.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Dandan Xie et al., “Impact of Tidal Fluctuations on Bacterial Community Structure in Wuyuan Bay: A Comparative Analysis of Waters Inside and Outside the Tidal Barrage,” PLOS ONE, vol. 19, no. 10, pp. 1-18, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - N.S. Burele, and Sanjay Anandrao Burele, Tidal Barrage at Estuaries—An Effective Method for Power Generation, 28th International Conference on Hydraulics, Water Resources, River and Coastal Engineering, NIT Warangal, India, pp. 1-7, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376894237_Tidal_Barrage_at_Estuaries_-_An_Effective_Method_for_Power_Generation
- Agustina Skiarski, Nicolás Faedo, and John Ringwood, “Tidal Barrage Operation Optimization using Moment-based Control,” Proceedings 15th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, vol. 15, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Ahmad Etemadi et al., “Electricity Generation by the Tidal Barrages,” Energy Procedia, vol. 12, pp. 928-935, 2011.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Amir Ghaedi, and Hamed Gorginpour, “Generated Power Enhancement of the Barrage Type Tidal Power Plants,” Ocean Engineering, vol. 226, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Junqiang Xia, Roger A. Falconer, and Binliang Lin, “Hydrodynamic Impact of a Tidal Barrage in the Severn Estuary,” Renewable Energy, vol. 35, no. 7, pp. 1455-1468, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Reza Badpa, Amirmahdi Gohari, and Abbas Ghasemi, “A Review of Tidal Power Resource Evaluation for Tidal Barrage,” pp. 1-15, 2016.
[Google Scholar] - Joseph G. Wallwork et al., “Tidal Turbine Array Modelling using Goal-Oriented Mesh Adaptation,” Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 193-216, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Agustina Skiarski, Nicolás Faedo, and John V. Ringwood, “Receding-Horizon Optimal Control of Tidal Barrage Power Plants: Impact of Weather-Dependent Tidal Variations,” Energy Conversion and Management: X Preprint, vol. 31, pp. 1-12, 2026.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Balaji Ramakrishnan, J. Satheeshkumar, and B. Vengatesan Venugopal, “Assessment of Tidal Energy Potential Along the Gulf of Khambhat, Gujarat, India,” 2nd International Conference on Offshore Renewable Energy (CORE 2016), Glasgow, United Kingdom, pp. 1-6, 2016. [Google Scholar]
- John V. Ringwood, and Nicolás Faedo, “Tidal Barrage Operational Optimisation using Wave Energy Control Techniques,” IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 55, no. 31, pp. 148-153, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Daniel Coles et al., “A Review of Global Tidal Stream Energy Resources,” Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol. 481, no. 2328, pp. 1-36, 2025.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Sanjay A. Burele, and Raghuram Singh, “Tidal Barrage—Renewable Energy using Tidal Barrage at Vijay Durg Area, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra,” Proceedings of 7th National Conference Coastal, Harbour and Ocean Engineering (INCHOE 2025), Central Water and Power Research Station (CWPRS), Pune, India, pp. 358-367, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/399488011_Tidal_Barrage_-Renewable_Energy_using_Tidal_Barrage_at_Vijay_Durg_Area_Ratnagiri_Maharashta
- Sadiq S. Abdullah, Adel J. Al-Fartousi, and Ali Ab. Lafta, “The Impact of Buildup Proposed Barrage on Tidal Hydrodynamics in the Shatt Al-Arab River, South of Iraq,” Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Science, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 33-46, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Ali A. Lafta, and Sadiq S. Abdullah, “Impact of a Proposed Barrage on the Tidal Wave Characteristics and Salinity Distribution in the Shatt Al-Arab River Estuary,” Mesopotamian Journal of Marine Sciences, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 93-106, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Gang Li, and Weidong Zhu, “Tidal Current Energy Harvesting Technologies: A Review of Current Status and Life Cycle Assessment,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 179, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - J. Satheesh Kumar, and R. Balaji, “Estimation of Tidal Current Energy Along the Gulf of Khambhat using Three-Dimensional Numerical Modeling,” Journal of Ocean and Climate: Science, Technology and Impacts, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 10-18, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Samiran Mandal, “Observed Seasonality of M2 and M4 Tidal Currents in the Gulf of Khambhat using High-Frequency Radars,” Ocean Dynamics, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 251-265, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Jin Zhang, ShuJun Li, and HaiGang Jiang, “Research on Tidal Harmonic Analysis based on Correlation Observation Error,” Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1453, pp. 1-8, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Abdessalam Benharra et al., “Tidenergy: A MATLAB-based Tool for Global Tidal Energy Computation and Visualization using the FES2014b Tide Model,” SoftwareX, vol. 30, pp. 1-6, 2025.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - R. Sundaravadivelu et al., “Dredging and Siltation Study in the Gulf of Khambhat,” Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference in Ocean Engineering (ICOE2019), Springer, Singapore, pp. 281-292, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Pedro Bezerra Leite Neto, Osvaldo R. Saavedra, and Luiz Antonio de Souza Ribeiro, “Analysis of a Tidal Power Plant in the Estuary of Bacanga in Brazil Taking into Account the Current Conditions and Constraints,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 1187-1194, 2017. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
- Gary D. Egbert, and Svetlana Y. Erofeeva, “Efficient Inverse Modeling of Barotropic Ocean Tides,” Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 183-204, 2002.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - S. Sathish Kumar, and R. Balaji, “Effect of Bottom Friction on Tidal Hydrodynamics Along Gulf of Khambhat, India,” Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol. 154, pp. 129-136, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - S. Sathish Kumar, and R. Balaji, “Tidal Hydrodynamics Along Gulf of Khambhat, West Coast of India,” Aquatic Procedia, vol. 4, pp. 41-48, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), INCOIS Official Website, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://incois.gov.in/site/index.jsp
- Edward Roome et al., “Assessing Hydrodynamic Impacts of Tidal Range Energy Impoundments in UK Coastal Waters,” Renewable Energy, vol. 237, pp. 1-16, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Kwang-Su Kim, and Jong-Song Jo, “Improving the Power Output Estimation for a Tidal Power Plant: A Case Study,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Energy, vol. 177, no. 2, pp. 63-73, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Athanasios Angeloudis, and Roger A. Falconer, “Sensitivity of Tidal Lagoon and Barrage Hydrodynamic Impacts and Energy Outputs to Operational Characteristics,” Renewable Energy, vol. 114, pp. 337-351, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Cheng-Hong Yang, Chih-Hsien Wu, and Chih-Min Hsieh, “Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network for Tidal Level Forecasting,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 159389-159401, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Saihua Huang et al., “Tidal Level Prediction Model based on VMD-LSTM Neural Network,” Water, vol. 16, no. 17, pp. 1-17, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] - Athanasios Angeloudis et al., “Optimising Tidal Range Power Plant Operation,” Applied Energy, vol. 212, pp. 680-690, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]