Malaria in School Children In Rwanda: A Review Article

International Journal of Medical Science
© 2019 by SSRG - IJMS Journal
Volume 6 Issue 12
Year of Publication : 2019
Authors : Umwanankundi Marcelline, Dr. Arpita Sharma, Dr. Mucumbitsi Joseph
pdf
How to Cite?

Umwanankundi Marcelline, Dr. Arpita Sharma, Dr. Mucumbitsi Joseph, "Malaria in School Children In Rwanda: A Review Article," SSRG International Journal of Medical Science, vol. 6,  no. 12, pp. 17-21, 2019. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23939117/IJMS-V6I12P104

Abstract:

Malaria infection is caused by plasmodium species of which plasmodium falciparum is widespread in Africa. Globally, around 500 million school children are at risk of malaria and 200 million are counted in sub-Saharan countries. Efforts were made to reduce and eradicate malaria including distribution of longlasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and use of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) drugs, and indoor residual spraying have led to declines in malaria. However sub- Saharan Africa still suffers greatly from the disease. Malaria is one of the leading causes of mortality in Africa with about 90% of the 528,000 malaria deaths estimated globally, occurring in the African region. Even if much effort has been done towards prevention and control of malaria in sub-Saharan countries and Rwanda in particular, little is known about.Prevalence of malaria in school children in Rwanda. The present study envisages to review the current body of knowledge on prevalence and risk factors of malaria among school children in Rwanda.

Keywords:

Malaria parasites, Children, School, Rwanda.

References:

[1] Umwangange ML, Chironda G, Mukeshimana M. Knowledge, attitude and practice towards malaria prevention among school children aged 5 -14 years in subsaharan Africa - a review of literature. Rwanda J Med Heal Sci. 2018;1(1):22–30.
[2] Walldorf JA, Cohee LM, Coalson JE, Bauleni A, Nkanaunena K, Kapito-tembo A, et al. School-Age Children Are a Reservoir of Malaria Infection in Malawi. 2015;1–13.
[3] Carneiro I, Roca-feltrer A, Griffin JT, Smith L, Tanner M, Schellenberg A, et al. Age-Patterns of Malaria Vary with Severity , Transmission Intensity and Seasonality in Sub- Saharan Africa : A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis. 2010;5(2).
[4] Ingabire CM, Rulisa A, Van Kempen L, Muvunyi C, Koenraadt CJM, Van Vugt M, et al. Factors impeding the acceptability and use of malaria preventive measures: Implications for malaria elimination in eastern Rwanda. Malar J. 2015 Mar 31;14(1).
[5] Rujeni N, Morona D, Ruberanziza E, Mazigo HD. Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Rwanda: An update on their epidemiology and control. Infect Dis Poverty [Internet]. 2017;6(1):1–11. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40249-016-0212-z
[6] Nkumama IN, O’meara WP, Osier FHA. Changes in Malaria Epidemiology in Africa and New Challenges for Elimination. 2016 [cited 2019 Aug 29]; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2016.11.006
[7] Hamilton M, Mahiane G, Werst E, Sanders R, Briët O, Smith T, et al. Spectrum-Malaria: A user-friendly projection tool for health impact assessment and strategic planning by malaria control programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. Malar J. 2017 Feb 10;16(1).
[8] O’Meara WP, Mangeni JN, Steketee R, Greenwood B. Changes in the burden of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2010.
[9] WHO. GBD Compare | IHME Viz Hub [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 Aug 30]. Available from: https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/
[10] RDHS. Republic of Rwanda Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014-15 Final Report National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda Kigali, Rwanda Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning Kigali, Rwanda Ministry of Health [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2019 Aug 30]. Available from: www.DHSprogram.com.
[11] Gahutu JB, Steininger C, Shyirambere C, Zeile I, Cwinya- Ay N, Danquah I, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of malaria among children in southern highland Rwanda. Malar J [Internet]. 2011;10(1):134. Available from: http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/134
[12] Rulisa S, Kateera F, Bizimana JP, Agaba S, Dukuzumuremyi J, Baas L, et al. Malaria Prevalence, Spatial Clustering and Risk Factors in a Low Endemic Area of Eastern Rwanda: A Cross Sectional Study. PLoS One. 2013 Jul 23;8(7).
[13] Karema C, Aregawi MW, Rukundo A, Kabayiza A, Mulindahabi M, Fall IS, et al. Trends in malaria cases, hospital admissions and deaths following scale-up of antimalarial interventions, 2000-2010, Rwanda. Malar J [Internet]. 2012 Jan [cited 2014 Sep 30];11(1):236. Available from:
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/11/1/236
[14] WHO | Malaria in children under five. WHO. 2018;
[15] Asingizwe D, Poortvliet PM, Koenraadt CJM, Vliet AJH Van, Murindahabi MM, Ingabire C, et al. NJAS -Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences Applying citizen science for malaria prevention in Rwanda : An integrated conceptual framework. NJAS - Wageningen J Life Sci [Internet]. 2018;(August 2017):0–1. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2018.06.002
[16] Bizimana JP, Twarabamenye E, Kienberger S. Assessing the social vulnerability to malaria in Rwanda. Malar J. 2015;14(1):1–21.
[17] Ingabire CM, Alaii J, Hakizimana E, Kateera F, Muhimuzi D, Nieuwold I, et al. Community mobilization for malaria elimination : application of an open space methodology in Ruhuha sector , Rwanda. 2014;13(1):1–8.
[18] Ingabire CM, Rulisa A, Van Kempen L, Muvunyi C,Koenraadt CJ, Van Vugt M, et al. Factors impeding the acceptability and use of malaria preventive measures: implications for malaria elimination in eastern Rwanda. Malar J [Internet]. 2015 Dec 31 [cited 2016 Jul 17];14(1):136. Available from:
http://www.malariajournal.com/content/14/1/136
[19] Karema C, Imwong M, Fanello CI, Stepniewska K, Uwimana A, Nakeesathit S, et al. Molecular correlates of high-level antifolate resistance in Rwandan children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54(1):477–83.
[20] Kateera F, Ingabire CM, Hakizimana E, Kalinda P, Mens PF, Grobusch MP, et al. Malaria , anaemia and under ‑ nutrition : three frequently co ‑ existing conditions among preschool children in rural Rwanda. Malar J. 2015;1–11.
[21] Kateera F, Mens PF, Hakizimana E, Ingabire CM, Muragijemariya L, Karinda P, et al. Malaria parasite carriage and risk determinants in a rural population: A malariometric survey in Rwanda. Malar J. 2015 Jan 21;14(1).
[22] Rulisa S, Kateera F, Bizimana JP, Agaba S, Dukuzumuremyi J, Baas L, et al. Malaria Prevalence, Spatial Clustering and Risk Factors in a Low Endemic Area of Eastern Rwanda: A Cross Sectional Study. PLoS One. 2013;8(7).
[23] Sievers AC, Lewey J, Musafiri P, Franke MF, Bucyibaruta BJ, Stulac SN, et al. Reduced paediatric hospitalizations for malaria and febrile illness patterns following implementation of community-based malaria control programme in rural Rwanda. Malar J. 2008;7:1–9.
[24] Sifft KC, Geus D, Mukampunga C, Mugisha JC, Habarugira F, Fraundorfer K, et al. Asymptomatic only at first sight: malaria infection among schoolchildren in highland Rwanda. Malar J. 2016;15(1):1–10.
[25] Milumbu M, Asingizwe D, Poortvliet PM, Vliet AJH Van, Hakizimana E, Mutesa L, et al. A citizen science approach for malaria mosquito surveillance and control in rwanda. NJAS - Wageningen J Life Sci. 2018;(July):0–1.