Low Entropy Start of the Universe with two Cricket Balls of oppositely charged Particles

International Journal of Applied Physics
© 2020 by SSRG - IJAP Journal
Volume 7 Issue 2
Year of Publication : 2020
Authors : M. J. Van der Burgt

pdf
How to Cite?

M. J. Van der Burgt, "Low Entropy Start of the Universe with two Cricket Balls of oppositely charged Particles," SSRG International Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 7,  no. 2, pp. 32-35, 2020. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23500301/IJAP-V7I2P105

Abstract:

A cold low entropy start of the universe is proposed where two spherical cricket ball sized agglomerates, containing all the energy in the universe, collide. Each agglomerate contains the same amount of densely-packed, basic particles with a diameter of smaller than 10-50 m. One agglomerate contains “neg” particles with a charge ⅓ of that of an electron, and the other “pos”particles with a charge ⅓ of that of a positron. The first particles formed upon collision are very high-energy photons consisting of a neg and a pos. These dumbbell shaped spinning particles are essential for the formation of fields. A small part of the photons reacted with 1-3 neg’s or 1-3 pos’s, forming proto quarks and leptons resulting in the formation of equal amounts of neutral matter and antimatter. The symmetry of proto quark combinations proves a good indicator for the stability of hadrons. Both mass and energy are manifestations of the polarisation of photons around bodies which explains their relation. Implicitly this model shows that gravity is an electro-magnetic force.

Keywords:

High-Energy astrophysics, Elementary Particles, Astrophysics, Miscellaneous (Matter and Antimatter).

References:

[1] E. Siegel, How Big was the universe at the moment of its creation? www. Forbes.com, 24th March 2017
[2] M. J. van der Burgt, Outward Bound, A matter-antimatter universe is bound to expand, ISBN 978-90-75869-09-5, NUR 917, DNA context 2007
[3] M.J. van der Burgt, The beginning of the universe, IP.com Journal, Vol 10 1A, pp 128, Jan. 2010
[4] M. J. van der Burgt, Two groups of oppositely charged particles as building blocks for the start of the Universe, 2nd International conference on astrophysics and particle physics, San Antonio, USA, Nov. 2017 [5] A. Melandri, et al, 2013 Diversity of GRB energetics vs. SN homogeneity: supernova 2013cq associated with the gamma-ray burst 130427, arXiv:1404.6654, 2013.
[6] E. Verlinde, arXiv:1001.0785v1 [hep-th] 6 Jan 2010
[7] R.P. Feynman, R.B. Leighton, R.B. and M. Sands, M., “The Feynman lectures on physics”, Addison-Wesley publishing company, 1963, pp. 9-6 – 9-9.2. E. 2.
[8] M.J. van der Burgt, www.nessapublishers.com Page 3 Journal of Physics Volume 1| Issue 3, 2018
[9] H. Dittus and C. Lämmerzahl. Tests of the weak equivalence principle for charged particles in space, Advances in Space Research, Vol. 39, Issue 2, 2007, pp. 244-248.
[10] Mohd. Farman Ali, Manoj Sharma, Renu Jain, "Advanced Generalized Fractional Kinetic Equation" SSRG International Journal of Applied Physics 1.2 (2014)