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Volume 13 | Issue 4 | Year 2026 | Article Id. IJCE-V13I4P101 | DOI : https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V13I4P101

A Systematic Review of Natural and Synthetic Fiber Reinforcement in Concrete: Mechanical Performance, Durability Mechanisms, and Sustainability Pathways

Prasad Sonar, Sudhir Patil

Received Revised Accepted Published
04 Jan 2026 03 Feb 2026 02 Mar 2026 28 Apr 2026

Citation :

Prasad Sonar, Sudhir Patil, "A Systematic Review of Natural and Synthetic Fiber Reinforcement in Concrete: Mechanical Performance, Durability Mechanisms, and Sustainability Pathways," International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 1-16, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V13I4P101

Abstract

The increased environmental impact of cement manufacturing has sparked interest in Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (FRC) as a long-term alternative capable of enhancing mechanical performance while lowering material consumption. This paper provides a thorough evaluation of natural and synthetic fibers used in concrete, assessing their mechanical properties, durability, and environmental impact. A comprehensive search was conducted using keywords and Boolean combinations in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. From an initial pool of 512 papers, 146 full-text publications were screened, and 58 studies meeting the predefined inclusion criteria were analyzed. Natural fibers, including jute, coir, bamboo, hemp, and palm, show considerable benefits in fracture resistance, toughness, and early-age shrinkage management, all while having a low embodied energy and complete biodegradability. Their disadvantages include hydrophilicity, changeable shape, and low long-term durability, which frequently necessitate chemical treatment or hybridization. Synthetic fibers such as polypropylene, polyethylene, carbon, and glass have excellent tensile strength, heat resistance, and durability, suitable for structural and high-performance applications. The synthesis indicates that hybrid fiber systems provide synergistic benefits by combining the environmental benefits of natural fibers with the mechanical strength of synthetic fibers. A rigorous study identifies research gaps in fiber dispersion, interfacial bonding, long-term durability under environmental cycles, and the lack of consistent testing methodologies. A conceptual framework is proposed to assist optimal fiber selection based on mechanical needs, sustainability goals, and durability concerns. This analysis indicates how engineered hybrid FRC may improve structural performance while reducing environmental impact, hence supporting the transition to more sustainable construction materials.

Keywords

Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Mechanical Performance, Crack Resistance, Durability Enhancement, Construction Applications.

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