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Research Article | Open Access | Download PDF
Volume 13 | Issue 8 | Year 2026 | Article Id. IJECE-V13I8P104 | DOI : https://doi.org/10.14445/23488549/IJECE-V13I8P104

Design and Analysis of a Miniaturized Planar Triple- Band (28/38/43 GHz) Antenna with Hybrid-Ring Defected Ground Structure for 5G Applications

Souleymane BAH, Dominic KONDITI, Jeremiah ABOLADE, Robert MACHARIA

Received Revised Accepted Published
08 May 2026 11 Jun 2026 15 Jul 2026 31 Aug 2026

Citation :

Souleymane BAH, Dominic KONDITI, Jeremiah ABOLADE, Robert MACHARIA, "Design and Analysis of a Miniaturized Planar Triple- Band (28/38/43 GHz) Antenna with Hybrid-Ring Defected Ground Structure for 5G Applications," International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 52-64, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488549/IJECE-V13I8P104

Abstract

This article describes a compact planar microstrip patch antenna with tri-band functionality at 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 43 GHz, suitable for 5G millimeter-wave applications. By incorporating a 43 GHz band, the antenna covers additional high-frequency applications like high-capacity backhaul and upcoming B5G/6G systems. The design uses a Hybrid-Ring Defected Ground Structure (HR-DGS) in combination with a slot-loaded radiating patch, which facilitates better control of surface current distribution and multiple resonant modes in a miniaturized design. The antenna uses a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate, which has εr = 2.2 and tan δ = 0.0009, providing low dielectric loss at high frequencies. The electromagnetic design simulations were carried out in ANSYS HFSS and confirmed the triple-band operation with reflection coefficients of −22.56 dB, −23.49 dB, and −14.43 dB at 28 GHz, 38 GHz, and 43 GHz, respectively. CST Microwave Studio was used to verify the simulated S-parameter response. The simulated gains at the three operational bands were 6.33 dBi, 4.20 dBi, and 4.71 dBi, with the radiation efficiencies of 87.11%, 84.30%, and 89.12%, indicating good performance for the specified frequency bands. The antenna is just 4 × 5 × 0.787 mm³. The combination of size, the simplicity of the HR-DGS design, and the antenna's improved multiband functionality and surface-wave suppression makes it a suitable solution for 5G millimeter-wave systems.
Keywords - Triple-band antenna, Microstrip patch antenna, Millimeter-wave, 5G Applications,

Keywords

Triple-band antenna, Microstrip patch antenna, Millimeter-wave, 5G Applications, Hybrid-Ring Defected Ground Structure.

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