A Comprehensive Review of Recent Developments in Torque Ripple Minimization of Switched Reluctance Motor Drives
| International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering |
| © 2026 by SSRG - IJEEE Journal |
| Volume 13 Issue 3 |
| Year of Publication : 2026 |
| Authors : Manisha Gaikwad, Sanjay Bodkhe, Manjusha Palandurkar,Sonali Rangari |
How to Cite?
Manisha Gaikwad, Sanjay Bodkhe, Manjusha Palandurkar,Sonali Rangari, "A Comprehensive Review of Recent Developments in Torque Ripple Minimization of Switched Reluctance Motor Drives," SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 81-94, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V13I3P107
Abstract:
Recent research efforts have increasingly focused on Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs), with extensive investigations reported for applications ranging from transportation and aerospace to industrial and residential systems. Torque ripple in an SRM is mainly caused by the dependence of electromagnetic torque on rotor position and the discrete nature of phase excitation. Consequently, numerous strategies have been recognized to reduce torque ripples using both direct and indirect approaches. Through the smoothing of the torque output from the motor, these methods aim to lessen vibration and noise. There have been a lot of studies conducted regarding minimizing torque ripple in SRM drives, and various approaches have been presented to address this problem. The objective of this review is to explore the various strategies and techniques developed to reduce torque ripple in SRMs.The goal of the survey is to study the approaches and models that have been established to lower the SRM’s ripple torque. The reviews cover the pre-processing techniques to reduce torque ripple, such as changes to the power electronics, controller algorithms, and motor design. It also gives the surveys related to the SRM using current shaping, predictive control, and DTC, respectively. The different metrices used in the works were also exposed in the analysis part of the paper. By examining several methods used in the literature, the work provides a thorough overview of the torque ripple minimization technique in SRM drives and draws attention to the effectiveness, challenges, and future possibilities of this sector.
Keywords:
Direct Torque Control, Torque Ripple Minimization, Model Predictive Control, Switched Reluctance Motor Drives, Current Shaping.
References:
[1] Italo Almirante, and Emilio Lorenzani, “Simple Strategy for Torque Ripple Minimization in Switched Reluctance Motor Drives,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 19, pp. 1-22, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[2] Cong Ma et al., “Vibration and Torque Ripple Reduction of Switched Reluctance Motors Through Current Profile Optimization,” 2016 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Long Beach, CA, USA, pp. 3279-3285, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[3] Md Ehsanul Haque et al., “DC-Link Current Ripple Reduction in Switched Reluctance Machine Drives,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 1429-1439, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] Takahiro Kumagai, Keisuke Kusaka, and Jun-ichi Itoh, “Reduction Method of Current RMS Value, DC Current Ripple, and Radial Force Ripple for SRM based on Mathematical Model of Magnetization Characteristic,” 2019 IEEE 4th International Future Energy Electronics Conference (IFEEC), Singapore, pp. 1-8, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] Xiaodong Sun et al., “Torque Ripple Reduction of SRM Drive using Improved Direct Torque Control with Sliding Mode Controller and Observer,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 9334-9345, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[6] Aide Xu et al., “A New Control Method based on DTC and MPC to Reduce Torque Ripple in SRM,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 68584-68593, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] Ning Yan, Xin Cao, and Zhiquan Deng, “Direct Torque Control for Switched Reluctance Motor to Obtain High Torque-Ampere Ratio,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 66, no. 7, pp. 5144-5152, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] Amin Rahnama Sadat, Saeed Ahmadian, and Naser Vosoughi, “A Novel Torque Ripple Reduction of Switched Reluctance Motor based on DTC-SVM Method,” 2018 IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC), College Station, TX, USA, pp. 1-6, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] Yufei Han, Ping Xu, and Qishuang Ma, “Torque Ripple Reduction of Four-Phase SRM based on DTC Method,” 2018 IEEE 3rd Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC), Chongqing, China, pp. 994-997, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] Xiaodong Sun et al., “Optimal Design of Terminal Sliding Mode Controller for Direct Torque Control of SRMs,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1445-1453, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] Xiaodong Sun et al., “Direct Torque Control based on a Fast-Modeling Method for a Segmented-Rotor Switched Reluctance Motor in HEV Application,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 232-241, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[12] Dániel Marcsa, and Miklós Kuczmann, “Design and Control for Torque Ripple Reduction of a 3-Phase Switched Reluctance Motor,” Computers and Mathematics with Applications, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 89-95, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[13] Tripurari Das Gupta et al., “Design Modification in Single-Tooth Winding Double-Stator Switched Reluctance Motor for Torque Ripple Mitigation,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 19078-19096, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[14] Marcio L.M. Kimpara et al., “A Two-Step Control Approach for Torque Ripple and Vibration Reduction in Switched Reluctance Motor Drives,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 82106-82118, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[15] Hui Cai et al., “Torque Ripple Reduction for Switched Reluctance Motor with Optimized PWM Control Strategy,” Energies, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 1-27, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[16] Seyed Reza Mousavi-Aghdam, A. Moradi, and A.M. Dolatkhah, “Torque Ripple Reduction of Switched Reluctance Motor using Improved Torque Sharing Functions,” 2017 Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Tehran, Iran, pp. 1043-1047, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[17] Xu Deng et al., “Design and Development of Low Torque Ripple Variable-Speed Drive System with Six-Phase Switched Reluctance Motors,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 420-429, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[18] Wei Ye, Qishuang Ma, and Poming Zhang, “Improvement of the Torque-Speed Performance and Drive Efficiency in an SRM using an Optimal Torque Sharing Function,” Applied Sciences, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1-19, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[19] Linhao Sheng et al., “An Improved Direct Predictive Torque Control for Torque Ripple and Copper Loss Reduction in SRM Drive,” Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 1-18, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[20] Chaoyi Shang et al., “Flux Linkage Optimization for Direct Torque Control of Switched Reluctance Motor based on Model Predictive Control,” IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 1105-1113, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[21] Cunhe Li et al., “An Improved Finite‐State Predictive Torque Control for Switched Reluctance Motor Drive,” IET Electric Power Applications, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 144-151, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[22] Shiqi Shen et al., “Predictive Current Control for Switched Reluctance Motor based on Local Linear Phase Voltage Model,” Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 1-16, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[23] Muhammad Usman Jamil, Waree Kongprawechnon, and Nattapon Chayopitak, “Average Torque Control of a Switched Reluctance Motor Drive for Light Electric Vehicle Applications,” IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 11535-11540, 2017. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[24] Xiao Ling et al., “Torque Ripple Suppression Method of Switched Reluctance Motor based on an Improved Torque Distribution Function,” Electronics, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 1-15, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[25] Alecksey Anuchin et al., “Continuous Control Set Model Predictive Control of a Switch Reluctance Drive using Lookup Tables,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 13, pp. 1-14, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[26] Xiaofeng He, and Yao Yao, “An Improved Hybrid Control Scheme of a Switched Reluctance Motor for Torque Ripple Reduction,” Applied Sciences, vol. 12, no. 23, pp. 1-14, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[27] Wen Ding, Guoji Liu, and Pengyu Li, “A Hybrid Control Strategy of Hybrid-Excitation Switched Reluctance Motor for Torque Ripple Reduction and Constant Power Extension,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 38-48, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[28] Laith Al Quraan, Ameer L. Saleh, and Laszlo Szamel, “Indirect Instantaneous Torque Control for Switched Reluctance Motor based on Improved Torque Sharing Function,” IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 11810-11821, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[29] Laith Al Quraan, and Laszlo Szamel, “Torque Ripple Reduction of Switched Reluctance Motor using Direct Instantaneous Torque Control and Adaptive Turn‐on Technique for Electric Vehicle Applications,” IET Electric Power Applications, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 1502-1514, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[30] Hui Zeng, Hao Chen, and Jiaotong Shi, “Direct Instantaneous Torque Control with Wide Operating Range for Switched Reluctance Motors,” IET Electric Power Applications, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 578-585, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[31] Mahmoud Hamouda et al., “Numerical Estimation of Switched Reluctance Motor Excitation Parameters based on a Simplified Structure Average Torque Control Strategy for Electric Vehicles,” Mathematics, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 1-20, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[32] Cunhe Li et al., “A High‐Performance Indirect Torque Control Strategy for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives,” Mathematical Problems in Engineering, vol. 2021, no. 1, pp. 1-15, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[33] He Cheng, Hao Chen, and Zhou Yang, “Average Torque Control of Switched Reluctance Machine Drives for Electric Vehicles,” IET Electric Power Applications, vol. 9, no. 7, pp. 459-468, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[34] Ping Ren et al., “Minimization of Torque Ripple in Switched Reluctance Motor based on MPC and TSF,” IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 1535-1543, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[35] Fahad Al-Amyal, Mahmoud Hamouda, and László Számel, “Performance Improvement based on Adaptive Commutation Strategy for Switched Reluctance Motors using Direct Torque Control,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 9219-9233, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[36] Mohamed Omar, Mohamed H. Bakr, and Ali Emadi, “Advanced Design Optimization of Switched Reluctance Motors for Torque Improvement using Supervised Learning Algorithm,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 122057-122068, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[37] Liren Huang et al., “Novel Current Profile of Switched Reluctance Machines for Torque Density Enhancement in Low-Speed Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 11, pp. 9623-9634, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[38] Xiaodong Sun et al., “Real-Time HIL Emulation for a Segmented-Rotor Switched Reluctance Motor using a New Magnetic Equivalent Circuit,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 3841-3849, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[39] Marcelo Vinícius de Paula et al., “A Dahlin Cruise Control Design Method for Switched Reluctance Motors with Minimum Torque Ripple Point Tracking Applied in Electric Vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 730-740, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[40] Marcelo Vinícius de Paula, and Tárcio André dos Santos Barros, “A Sliding Mode DITC Cruise Control for SRM with Steepest Descent Minimum Torque Ripple Point Tracking,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 151-159, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[41] Mahmoud Hamouda et al., “A Novel Universal Torque Control of Switched Reluctance Motors for Electric Vehicles,” Mathematics, vol. 10, no. 20, pp. 1-21, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[42] Mahesh A. Patel et al., “Design and Optimisation of Slotted Stator Tooth Switched Reluctance Motor for Torque Enhancement for Electric Vehicle Applications,” International Journal of Ambient Energy, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 4283-4288, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[43] Vijina Abhijith et al., “Hybrid Switched Reluctance Motors for Electric Vehicle Applications with High Torque Capability Without Permanent Magnet,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 21, pp. 1-16, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[44] Takayuki Kusumi et al., “Analytical Derivation of Phase Current Waveform Eliminating Torque Ripple and Input Current Ripple of Switched Reluctance Motors Under Magnetically Saturated Operation,” 2019 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Baltimore, MD, USA, pp. 6540-6547, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[45] Kyohei Kiyota, Shinji Nakano, and Akira Chiba, “A Fast Calculation Method of Optimal Ratio of Outer Diameter and Axial Length for Torque Improvement in Switched Reluctance Motor,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 5802-5811, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[46] Mahmoud Hamouda et al., “A Novel Interturn Fault Tolerant based Average Torque Control of Switched Reluctance Motors for Electric Vehicles,” IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 111769-111781, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[47] Zhu Yueying et al., “Design and Optimisation of an In‐Wheel Switched Reluctance Motor for Electric Vehicles,” IET Intelligent Transport Systems, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 175-182, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[48] Masachika Kawa et al., “Acoustic Noise Reduction of a High-Efficiency Switched Reluctance Motor for Hybrid Electric Vehicles with Novel Current Waveform,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 2519-2528, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[49] Shuvajit Das et al., “Wide Speed Range Noise and Vibration Mitigation in Switched Reluctance Machines with Stator Pole Bridges,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 9300-9311, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[50] Kyohei Kiyota et al., “Cylindrical Rotor Design for Acoustic Noise and Windage Loss Reduction in Switched Reluctance Motor for HEV Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 154-162, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[51] Francisco Juarez-Leon, Nathan Emery, and Berker Bilgin, “Acoustic Noise Reduction in an 8/6 Switched Reluctance Machine using Structural Design,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 1-24, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[52] Man Zhang et al., “A New Control Method for Vibration and Noise Suppression in Switched Reluctance Machines,” Energies, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 1-16, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[53] Zahra Sadeghi et al., “Fast Demagnetization and Vibration Reduction in Switched Reluctance Motor Drive System,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 110904-110915, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[54] Renata Rezende C. Reis et al., “Genetic Algorithm-based Commutation Angle Control for Torque Ripple Mitigation in Switched Reluctance Motor Drives,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 97331-97339, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[55] Benqin Jing et al., “Torque Ripple Suppression of Switched Reluctance Motor with Reference Torque Online Correction,” Machines, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 1-18, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]

10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V13I3P107