Call for Paper - Upcoming Issues

Energy-Efficient EV Battery Charging using Dual Active Bridge Converter and Binary Chaotic Catch Fish Optimization

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
© 2026 by SSRG - IJEEE Journal
Volume 13 Issue 3
Year of Publication : 2026
Authors : M.J. Murali, S. Lakshmi
10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V13I3P111
pdf
How to Cite?

M.J. Murali, S. Lakshmi, "Energy-Efficient EV Battery Charging using Dual Active Bridge Converter and Binary Chaotic Catch Fish Optimization," SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 13,  no. 3, pp. 140-151, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V13I3P111

Abstract:

EV Battery charging with dual functionality in energy efficiency. An Electric Vehicle (EV) battery recharging system built based on an optimized Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter, which can operate in both Constant Current (CC) and Constant Voltage (CV) modes. The DAB converter is ideal in all EV applications in the modern day because it features Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS), bidirectional power flow, and galvanic isolation with a High-Frequency Transformer (HFT). CV mode uses Dual Phase Shift (DPS) modulation, whereas CC mode uses Extended Phase Shift (EPS) modulation. A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller regulates the CV charging process, whereby the gains are optimally set through the Binary Chaotic Catch Fish Optimization Algorithm (BCCFOA). To ensure rapid and constant dynamic response, the tuning is formulated on the minimization of the Integral of Time-Weighted Absolute Error (ITAE). The comparative analysis reveals that the lowest standard deviation of 2.08 X 10-3 is reached at BCCFOA, which is better than CFOA, TSA, and PSO algorithms. An LCL filter is added to reduce the harmonics and improve the quality of power. The findings of the simulation in MATLAB/Simulink show that the peak overshoot has been reduced by 5 percent, the settling time is 1.0 s, and the minimum rise time is 0.28 s with the PID and LCL. The accuracy and consistency of charging is proven by the State of Charge (SoC) curve, which rises smoothly with an increase of 54.95% in 1 second. These findings confirm that the system proposed is effective regarding the provision of optimized, stable, and high-quality EV battery charging performance.

Keywords:

Binary chaotic catch fish optimization, Dual active bridge converter, High-frequency transformer, LCL filter, PID controller.

References:

[1] Alex V. Mirtchev, and Emmanuel C. Tatakis, “Design Methodology based on Dual Control of a Resonant Dual Active Bridge Converter for Electric Vehicle Battery Charging,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 2691-2705, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[2] Md Ahsanul Hoque Rafi, and Jennifer Bauman, “Optimal Control of Semi-Dual Active Bridge DC/DC Converter with Wide Voltage Gain in a Fast-Charging Station with Battery Energy Storage,” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 3164-3176, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[3] Yousef Nazih et al., “A Ring-Connected Dual Active Bridge based DC-DC Multiport Converter for EV Fast-Charging Stations,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 52052-52066, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] Li Jiang et al., “Integrated Optimization of Dual-Active-Bridge DC-DC Converter with ZVS for Battery Charging Applications,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 288-300, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] Deliang Chen et al., “A Dual-Transformer-based Hybrid Dual Active Bridge Converter for Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging to Cope with Wide Load Voltages,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 70, no. 2, pp. 1444-1454, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[6] Marzio Barresi, Edoardo Ferri, and Luigi Piegari, “An MV-Connected Ultra-Fast Charging Station based on MMC and Dual Active Bridge with Multiple Dc Buses,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 1-23, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] Sara J. Ríos, Daniel J. Pagano, and Kevin E. Lucas, “Bidirectional Power Sharing for DC Microgrid Enabled by Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1-24, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] Liting Li et al., “Review of Dual-Active-Bridge Converters with Topological Modifications,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 38, no. 7, pp. 9046-9076, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] Ganesh Chilakalapudi, and Amritesh Kumar, “Optimal Reactive Power Control for Dual‐Active‐Bridge Converter using Improved Dual‐Phase‐Shift Modulation Strategy for Electric Vehicle Application,” International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 1204-1223, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] Song Hu et al., “Sinusoidal-Ripple-Current Charging Modulation for Semi-Dual-Active-Bridge AC-DC Converter with Full Soft Switching and Power Factor Correction,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 326-330, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] Balakrishna Nallamothu, B. Santhana Krishnan, and Ravindra Janga, “Comprehensive Analysis of PI and Fuzzy-Controlled Dual Active Bridge Converter for Renewable Energy-based Off-Board EV Charging,” International Journal of Multiphysics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 1178-1190, 2024.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[12] Khurshid Ul Haq, Farhad Ilahi Bakhsh, and Obbu Chandra Sekhar, “Improved Performance of Dual Active Bridge Converter using Particle Swarm Optimization based Phase Shift Modulation for EV Application,” Distributed Generation and Alternative Energy Journal, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 361-400, 2025.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[13] Felipe Ruiz et al., “A High-Performance Fractional Order Controller based on Chaotic Manta-Ray Foraging and Artificial Ecosystem-based Optimization Algorithms Applied to Dual Active Bridge Converter,” Fractal and Fractional, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1-19, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[14] Zhangyong Chen et al., “Efficiency Improvement of Dual Active Bridge Converter using Simple Graphical Optimization Method,” International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 248-262, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[15] Dabin Jia, and Dazhi Wang, “Current Stress Minimization based on Particle Swarm Optimization for Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter,” Actuators, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 1-18, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[16] Izza Anshory et al., “Optimization DC-DC Boost Converter of BLDC Motor Drive by Solar Panel using PID and Firefly Algorithm,” Results in Engineering, vol. 21, pp. 1-10, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[17] Mostafa Jabari et al., “Performance Analysis of DC-DC Buck Converter with Innovative Multi-Stage PIDn (1+ PD) Controller using GEO Algorithm,” Scientific Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-21, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[18] Ashish Choubey, Sachin Kumar Jain, and Prabin Kumar Padhy, “A GWO-Optimized FSIMC-PID Controller for Sustained Operation of DC-DC Boost Converter,” 2024 1st International Conference on Sustainability and Technological Advancements in Engineering Domain (SUSTAINED), Faridabad, India, pp. 23-27, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[19] Mostafa Jabari, and Amin Rad, “Optimization of Speed Control and Reduction of Torque Ripple in Switched Reluctance Motors using Metaheuristic Algorithms based PID and FOPID Controllers at the Edge,” Tsinghua Science and Technology, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1526-1538, 2025.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[20] Mohamed A.M. Shaheen et al., “Walrus Optimizer-based Optimal Fractional Order PID Control for Performance Enhancement of Offshore Wind Farms,” Scientific Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-17, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[21] Mridul Mishra, and Indrajit Sarkar, “EV Battery Charging using DAB DC-Dc Converter with EPS and DPS Modulations,” IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS), Bhopal, India, pp. 1-6, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[22] Heming Jia et al., “Catch Fish Optimization Algorithm: A New Human Behavior Algorithm for Solving Clustering Problems,” Cluster Computing, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 13295-13332, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]