Call For Paper August 2026
Research Article | Open Access | Download PDF
Volume 13 | Issue 8 | Year 2026 | Article Id. IJEEE-V13I8P113 | DOI : https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V13I8P113

A Resource-Adequacy-Based Reliability Analysis of Solar Panels' Performance in Two Different Environmental Conditions

Sorena Artin

Received Revised Accepted Published
31 Mar 2026 06 Jun 2026 11 Aug 2026 25 Aug 2026

Citation :

Sorena Artin, "A Resource-Adequacy-Based Reliability Analysis of Solar Panels' Performance in Two Different Environmental Conditions," International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 154-161, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V13I8P113

Abstract

Global energy market, which still heavily depends on fossil fuels, is too vulnerable to international tensions, which once again shows the importance of moving towards Renewable Energy Systems (RESs), including solar panels. An important part of this process is to handle reliability issues, which is usually done by using a performance function. These functions often depend on the irradiance and the temperature as two random variables, while the role of each of these variables should be studied further. In this paper, an available resource-adequacy-based reliability analysis problem is used for this purpose. First, a simulation is run to validate the importance of the involved variables in systems’ reliability. Then, a comparative study is carried out on resource-adequacy-based reliability analysis of solar panels in two different cities with various environmental conditions (Melbourne, Australia, and Khobar, Saudi Arabia) to check these variables’ behavior. This has already resulted in a successful campaign of installing solar panels in a relatively cold-weather city like Melbourne. These case studies have found that Khobar, regardless of its hot summers, has a good irradiance level to generate electricity by solar panels even during the wintertime. As this level of irradiance is better than Melbourne's, it can be concluded that it would be a good idea for Khobar to accelerate moving towards solar panels.

Keywords

Performance functions, Resource-adequacy-based reliability analysis, Renewable Energy Systems, Solar panels, Simulation.

References

  1. ABC News Australia, Liberal Party Formally Abandons Net Zero by 2050 Climate Target, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-11-13/liberals-ditch-net-zero-commitment/106003712
  2. Omar A. Al Shahri et al., “Solar Photovoltaic Energy Optimization Methods, Challenges and Issues: A Comprehensive Review,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 284, pp. 1-41, 2021.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  3. Ziad M. Ali et al., “Analytical Modeling of Novel Equivalent Circuits of Double Diode Solar Cell Circuits using a Special Transcendental Function Approach,” PLoS One, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 1-32, 2024.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  4. Parisa Artin, “Critical Sustainability Factors of Regional SMEs; A Case Study of Regional Australia,” Current Research in Environmental Sustainability, vol. 4, pp. 1-7, 2022.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  5. Leila Chebbo, Hasnain Nisar, and Ali Bazzi, “Fault Diagnosis of Power Components with Reliability Assessment in Extraterrestrial Microgrids,” AIAA Journal, vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 404-419, 2025.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  6. Caitlyn E. Clark, and Bryony DuPont, “Reliability-based Design Optimization in Offshore Renewable Energy Systems,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 97, pp. 390-400, 2018.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  7. Pham Luu Trung Duong et al., “Reliability Analysis and Design of a Single Diode Solar Cell Model using Polynomial Chaos and Active Subspace,” Microelectronics Reliability, vol. 100-101, 2019.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  8. Ghasem Ezzati, Musa Mammadov, and Siddhivinayak Kulkarni, “Solving Reliability Analysis Problems in the Polar Space,” International Journal of Applied Mathematical Research, vol. 3, no. 4, 2024.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  9. Ghasem Ezzati, Musa Mammadov, and Siddhivinayak Kulkarni, “A New Reliability Analysis Method based on the Conjugate Gradient Direction,” Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 89-98, 2015.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  10. Ghasem Ezzati, “A Reliability-based Design Optimization Model for Electricity Power Networks,” Dynamics of Continuous, Discrete and Impulsive Systems, Series B: Applications and Algorithms, vol. 22, pp. 339-357, 2015.
    [Google Scholar]
  11. Ghasem Ezzati, “On Probabilistic Constraints in Optimization Models of Electricity Power Networks,” Far East Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 231-246, 2016.
    [Google Scholar]
  12. Soorena Ezzati, “Reliability-based Design Optimisation Methods in Large Scale Systems,” Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society, vol. 95, no. 1, pp. 172-173, 2017. 
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  13. Sorena Ezzati, “A Novel Non-Deterministic Optimisation Model for Electricity Networks,” The 8th Australia and New Zealand Mathematics Convention, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 1-14, 2014.
    [Google Scholar]
  14. Soorena Ezzati, “An Investigation into Probabilistic Constraint in Optimal Flow Model,” Australia and New Zealand Industrial and Applied Mathematics Conference (ANZIAM2015), Queensland University of Technology, Gold Coast, Australia, 2015.
    [Google Scholar]
  15. Nir Y. Krakauer, “It is Normal: The Probability Distribution of Temperature Extremes,” Climate, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 1-13, 2024.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  16. R.P. Merchan et al., “High Temperature Central Power Plants for Concentrated Solar Power: 2021 Overview,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 155, pp. 1-23, 2022.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  17. Nine News Australia, Neighbourhood Dispute Erupts Over Man's Backyard Wind Turbine, 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.nine.com.au/australia-news/a-current-affair/victorian-neighbourhood-dispute-erupts-over-mans-backyard-wind-turbine-20220629-p5rbp8.html
  18. Takuma Nishimura et al., “Machine-Learning-Driven Photocurrent Prediction in Multielement-Doped Hematite Photoelectrodes,” ACS Catalysis, vol. 15, no. 14, pp. 11993-12004, 2025.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  19. Diego Peña, Alexander Aguila Téllez, and Francisco Jurado, “Reliability Assessment of Ecuador’s Power System: Metrics, Vulnerabilities, and Strategic Perspectives,” Energies, vol. 18, no. 12, pp. 1-22, 2025.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  20. Sudha Dukkipati, V. Sankar, and P. Srinivasa Varma, “Forecasting of Solar Irradiance using Probability Distributions for a PV System: A Case Study,” International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 741-748, 2019.
    [Google Scholar]
  21. Hegazy Rezk et al., “A Robust Parameter Estimation Approach based on Stochastic Fractal Search Optimization Algorithm Applied to Solar PV Parameters,” Energy Reports, vol. 7, pp. 620-640, 2021.
    [    CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  22. Subarna Shakya, “A Self-Monitoring and Analysing System for Solar Power Station using IoT and Data Mining Algorithms,” Journal of Soft Computing Paradigm, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 96-109, 2021.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  23. Ahmed Shukur, “Sequential Event Modeling and Reliability Analysis using the Erlang Continuous Distribution,” Journal of Positive Sciences, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 64-70, 2023.
    [Google Scholar]
  24. Solar Victoria, Slashing Energy Bills with a Record Year for Solar, Solar Victoria, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://www.solar.vic.gov.au/slashing-energy-bills-record-year-solar
  25. Luke Hopewell, Switzer, Australian Petrol Prices Compared: How do we have it Versus the Rest of the World?, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://switzer.com.au/australian-petrol-prices-compared-globally/
  26. Yebo Tao, Tingting Yu, and Jiayi Yang, “Photovoltaic Array Fault Diagnosis and Localization Method based on Modulated Photocurrent and Machine Learning,” Sensors, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 1-16, 2024.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  27. Yuki Trisnoaji et al., “Numerical Investigation of Photovoltaic–Phase Change Material Systems: Optimization of Fin Geometry for Enhanced Thermal Management and Solar Panel Performance,” Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 154, 2026.
    [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  28. Weidong Xiao, Photovoltaic Power System: Modeling, Design, and Control, Wiley Publishers, 2017.
    [    Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
  29. Zilong Zhao, Guoquan Lv, and Yanwen Xu, “Facilitate the Design of Residential PV using Reliability-based Design Optimization,” Renewable Energy, vol. 240, 2025.
    [    CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]