Social Reintegration of Rape Victim in Bangladesh: Challenges and Mitigating Strategies

International Journal of Humanities and Social Science
© 2018 by SSRG - IJHSS Journal
Volume 5 Issue 5
Year of Publication : 2018
Authors : Md.Abdul Kader Miah, and Kamrunnaher Kona
pdf
How to Cite?

Md.Abdul Kader Miah, and Kamrunnaher Kona, "Social Reintegration of Rape Victim in Bangladesh: Challenges and Mitigating Strategies," SSRG International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, vol. 5,  no. 5, pp. 47-58, 2018. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23942703/IJHSS-V5I5P108

Abstract:

Rape is regarded as common phenomenon in recent years in Bangladesh. For the socio-economic condition of this country, women and girls are most vulnerable to being victim not only by rape but also others offences. The study aimed at to find out the social reintegration and rehabilitation process of rape victim with their obstacles in the study areas. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used to conduct this study. The study findings have shown that the females are more flexible for treating the rape victim than their counterpart in the community. The community have been emphasized their role for the assistance of rape victim as advice to legal aid (65%), psychological support (63.33%) and social support (46.67%). The one-stop crisis cell provides psycho-social counseling, medical aid, security, legal aid etc though it is not sufficient. The judges and magistrates mention about the district legal aid office for giving free legal support to poor rape victim. The various non-government organizations emphasis more on raise awareness (83.33%) and legal aid (66.67%). According to the study findings it can be said that the negative social and familial attitudes are the major obstacles for social reintegration of rape victim. The study also has shown that the negative social and familial attitude should be changed for the effective social reintegration of rape victim. The study reveals that the children are more vulnerable to become rape victim and most of the rapes are acquaintance and date rape which committed at night. The complexity in the legal settings is the major obstacles for fair judgment of rape cases. Finally, it can be said that for proper social reintegration of rape victim, the initiatives of government, non-government organizations and integrated community based programs are needed as soon as possible.

Keywords:

 

 Reintegration, rape victim, rehabilitation, psycho-social support, post-traumatic disorder.

References:

[1] Sharmin, S & Islam, M. J. (July-September 2015). The culture of rape in Bangladesh: Background, nature and causality. No. 134. Dhaka: Somaj Nrikhon Kendra. 
[2] Talukdar, M. (1998). Social and psychological theories of rape. Dhaka: Steps Towards Development. 
[3] Burt, M. R. (1980). Cultural Myths and Supports for Rape. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38(2), 217-230. 
[4] Resick, P. A. (1993). The Psychological Impact of Rape. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 8(2), 223-255. 
[5] Hickman, S. E. & Muehlenhard, C. L. (1997). College Women's Fears and Precautionary Behaviors Relating to Acquaintance Rape and Stranger Rape. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(4), 527-547. 
[6] Polaschek, D.L L; Ward, Tony & Hudson, Stephen M. (1997). Rape and rapists: Theory and treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 17(2), 117-44 
[7] Campbell, R. & Ahrens, C. E. (1998). Innovative Community Services for Rape Victims: An Application of Multiple Case Study Methodology. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26(4), 537-571. 
[8] Shalhoub-Kevorkian, N. (1999). Towards a cultural definition of rape: Dilemmas in dealing with rape victims in Palestinian society. 
[9] Mohler-kuo, M., Dowdall, G. W., Koss, Mary P. & Wechsler, H. (2004). Correlates of Rape while Intoxicated in a National Sample of College Women. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 65(1), 37-45. 
[10] Nagel, B., Matsuo, H., McIntyre, K. P. & Morrison, N. (2005). Attitudes toward Victims of Rape Effects of Gender, Race, Religion, and Social Class. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(6), 725-737. 
[11] Campbell, R. & Wasco, S. M. (2005). Understanding Rape and Sexual Assault 20 Years of Progress and Future Directions. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20(1), 127-131. 
[12] Pokorak, J.J. (2006). Rape as a Badge of Slavery: The Legal History of, and Remedies for, Prosecutional Race-of-Victim Changing Disparities. Nevada Law Journal, 7(1) 
[13] Gray, J. M. (2006). Rape myth beliefs and prejudiced instructions: Effects on decisions of guilt in a case of date rape. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 11(1), 75-80. 
[14] Maier, S. L. (2008). “I Have Heard Horrible Stories . . .” „Rape Victim Advocates' Perceptions of the Re-victimization of Rape Victims by the Police and Medical System. Violence Against Women, 14(7), 786-808. 
[15] Vickerman, K. A. & Margolin, G. (2009). Rape treatment outcome research: Empirical findings and state of the literature. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(5), 431–448. 
[16] Esere, M. O.; Idowu, A. I.; Durosaro, I. A. & Omotosho J. A. (2009). Causes and consequences of intimate partner rape and violence: Experiences of victims in Lagos, Nigeria. Journal of AIDS and HIV Research, 1(1), 001-007. 
[17] Suarez, E. & Gadalla, T. M. (2010). Stop Blaming the Victim: A Meta- Analysis on Rape Myths. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(11), 2010-2035. 
[18] Muoghalu, C. O. (2012). Rape and Women‟s Sexual Health in Nigeria: The Stark Realities of Being Female in a Patriarchal World. The African Anthropologist, 19(1&2), 33– 41. ISSN 1024-0969. 
[19] Dada, M. O. (2013). Does the Social Stigma Still Remain the Only Reason Why the Victims of Rape would not Make Official Report? Views of the Female Students of Crawford University in Nigeria. 
[20] Naved, R. T. (2013). Sexual Violence towards Married Women in Bangladesh. Archives of sexual behavior, 42(4), 595-602. 
[21] Thomas, B., Sharma, S. & Sharma,V. (2014). Perception of adult men and women regarding rape in Delhi, India. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, Vol. 2, Issue 1, No.3. 
[22] Barkan, E. S. (2009). Criminology: A Sociological Understanding. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. 
[23] Van der Merwe, E. (2010). The value of the victim's statement in the investigation of rape. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4434 
[24] Ahrens, C. E. (2006). Being Silenced: The Impact of Negative Social Reactions on the Disclosure of Rape. American Journal of Community Psychology, 38(3-4), 263–274. 
[25] Marchetti-Mercer, M.C. (2003). A socio-psychological perspective on the phenomenon of infant rapes in South Africa. African Journal of Psychiatry, 6, 6-12 
[26] Schurink, W.J.; Snyman, I. & Krugel, W.F. (1992). Victimization: Nature and Trends. South Africa: HSRC publishers. 
[27] Aborisade, R. A. & Vaughan, F. E. (2014). The Victimology of Rape in Nigeria: Examining Victims‟ Post-assault Experiences and Adjustment Patterns. African Journal for the Psychological Studies of Social Issues, 17(2). 
[28] Thornton, B. (1977). Effect of Rape Victim's Attractiveness in a Jury Simulation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 3(4), 666-669. 
[29] Idisis, Y. Ben-David, S. & Ben-Nachum, E. (2007). Attribution of Blame to Rape Victims among Therapists and Non-Therapists. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 25(1), 103–120. 
[30] Brown, A. L. & Testa, M. (2008). Social Influences on Judgments of Rape Victims: The Role of the Negative and Positive Social Reactions of Others. Sex Roles, 58(7), 490-500.