Clinical Outcomes of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adult patients in Bahrain

International Journal of Medical Science

© 2021 by SSRG - IJMS Journal

Volume 8 Issue 2

Year of Publication : 2021

Authors : Aysha Asif Sarwani, Husain Taha Radhi, Fatema Husain Mandeel, Rawdha Al Fardan, Mahmood Al Saeed

10.14445/23939117/IJMS-V8I2P101

How to Cite?

Aysha Asif Sarwani, Husain Taha Radhi, Fatema Husain Mandeel, Rawdha Al Fardan, Mahmood Al Saeed, "Clinical Outcomes of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adult patients in Bahrain," SSRG International Journal of Medical Science, vol. 8,  no. 2, pp. 1-9, 2021. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23939117/IJMS-V8I2P101

Abstract:

Introduction:
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is among the most significant and regularly seen condition in hospitals among diabetic patients. It is on the top of the list of Endocrine emergencies, and many studies done in many countries and in different hospitals are focusing on the management and outcomes of the DKA.

Objective:
The aim of the study is to observe the causes, length of hospitalization, need for ICU care, the number of admissions, and general outcomes among 154 adult patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, either with type 1 or type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM), in a tertiary care hospital in Bahrain.

Methods:
The data was collected from the Endocrine unit in Salmaniya Medical Complex from diabetes patients who presented with Diabetic Ketoacidosis, including both type 1 or typed 2 diabetic patients. Furthermore, the data collected depends on the demographic variables, which were age, gender, type of DM, newly diagnosed or a known diabetic, clinical presentation, plus any precipitating factors if present, for example, infection or myocardial infarction. Laboratory data were used to identify the severity of DKA that depends on the pH and degree of acidosis.

Data includes the need for the use of antibiotics among these patients plus the mortality rate.

Results
A total of 224 admissions with recorded among DKA patients over a two-year period. A high admission rate was noted in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus patients (94%). Another observation was that the younger age group of patients (14 to 30 years) was more inclined towards developing DKA.

A comparison of the biochemical values between DM type 1, type 2, and the newly diagnosed was conducted. Anion gap was found to be low in newly diagnosed DM (26.03) in comparison to the other subgroups.

Antibiotic initiation was high in DM type 2 (66.7), and DM type 1 had the lowest hospital length of stay.

The mortality rate was reportedly 2.2% among all the DKA admissions.

Conclusion
The finding of our study highlighted an association between higher mortality and type 2 DM, with older age and multiple comorbidities.

The study demonstrates that mortality may be predicted by various clinical and biochemical parameters. Therefore, a global social system needed to predict mortality in DKA.

Keywords:

Diabetic ketoacidosis, Outcome, Diabetes Mellitus

References:

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