Optimization of All-In Aggregate Gradation Combination to Improve Concrete Sustainability

International Journal of Civil Engineering
© 2019 by SSRG - IJCE Journal
Volume 6 Issue 6
Year of Publication : 2019
Authors : Akobo, I.Z.S , Ode, T , Gokana, J. P. B
pdf
How to Cite?

Akobo, I.Z.S , Ode, T , Gokana, J. P. B, "Optimization of All-In Aggregate Gradation Combination to Improve Concrete Sustainability," SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 6,  no. 6, pp. 46-50, 2019. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V6I6P109

Abstract:

This study aims to investigate minimum cement content required with an appropriate water to-cement ratio (w/c) to meet given workability and strength requirements in concrete; and reduce carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and costs. Thus to minimize concrete cost and improve its quality, it is necessary to achieve optimum aggregate gradation. Particle size distribution and Coarseness Factor chart, which is one of the recent popular methods for achieving an optimum aggregate gradation, which represents the relationship between Coarseness Factor and Workability Factor of a mix. Thus, the properties of concrete were studied for stage 1 and 2 with a cement content of 350 kg/m3 and 300 kg/m3, respectively, when the proportions of 12.7mm and 9.52 mm stone in the coarse aggregate were varied when a water/cement ratio (w/c) of 0.45 was held constant. The maximum compressive strength at 28 days was 45.04MPa (MIX-A11) for stage 1 and 44.15MPa (MIX-B7) for stage 2 with the same coarseness factor of 66.22 and different workability factor of 33.75 and 31.51, respectively. For both 350 kg/m3 and 300 kg/m3 cement contents, workability decrease slightly as the proportion of the coarse aggregate is increased. The corresponding slumps for MIX-A11and MIX-B7 were the same, that is, 30mm.

Keywords:

Aggregate, optimization, Gradation, Concrete, Coarseness Factor, Workability Factor, and Compressive strength.

References:

[1] Anson-Cartwright, M., Optimization of aggregate gradation combinations to improve concrete sustainability(Doctoral dissertation)., (2011).
[2] Antunes, R., & Tia, M., Cement Content Reduction in Concrete Through Aggregate Optimization and Packing: a Sustainable Practice for Pavement and Seaport Construction. Mix Sustentável, 4(3), (2018), 23-30.
[3] Antunes, R., & Tia, M.. Influence of Intermediate-Sized Particle Content on Traditional Dry-Rodded and Vibrated Aggregate Packing. Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl, 8(4),(2018),21-27.
[4] Ashraf, W. B., & Noor, M. A., A parametric study for assessing the effects of coarseness factor and workability factor on concrete compressive strength. International journal of civil and structural engineering, 1(4),(2011),740.
[5] ASTM C143.,Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete. ASTM, West Conshohocken, Usa,(2000).
[6] Barisua, E. Ngekpe, Iboroma, Z.S Akobo, Chigozie, M. Onyegbadue, The mechanical properties of roller-compacted concrete blended with microsilica. SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering 6(6), (2019),1-6.
[7] Egwuonwu, W., C., Akobo I., Z., S. and Ngekpe, B., E, Effect of metakalin as a Partial Replacement for cement on the compressive strength Concrete at Varying Water/Binder Ratios. SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering., 6 (1), (2019),1- 6
[8] Lindquist, W., Darwin, D., Browning, J., McLeod, H. A., Yuan, J., & Reynolds, D, Implementation of concrete aggregate optimization. Construction and Building Materials, 74,(2015),49-56.
[9] Obunwo, U.E., Ngekpe, B.E., Jaja, WTG & Obunwo, C., Workability and Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Self-Compacting Concrete Blended with Metakaolin. SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering.,5(10), (2018),17-22
[10] Popovics, S., Analysis of concrete strength versus water-cement ratio relationship. Materials Journal, 87(5), (1990),517-529.
[11] Ramakrishnan, V., Optimized Aggregate Gradation for Structural Concrete. Final Report on Project SD2002-02, South Dakota Department of Transportation, (2004).
[12] Richardson, D. N., Aggregate Gradation Optimization--Literature Search, (2005).
[13] Shilstone, J. M., & Shilstone, J. M, Performance-based concrete mixtures and specifications for today. Concrete International, 24(2),(2002),80-83.
[14] Shilstone, J. M., & Shilstone Jr, J. M.(1987). Practical Concrete Mixture Proportioning Technology. Reference Manual, Shilstone Software Co.
[15] Wassermann, R., Katz, A., & Bentur, A, Minimum cement content requirements: a must or a myth?. Materials and Structures, 42(7), (2009), 973-982.