Transitional Shelters for Migrants in India: A Review of Low-Cost Rapid Construction Technologies

International Journal of Civil Engineering

© 2025 by SSRG - IJCE Journal

Volume 12 Issue 8

Year of Publication : 2025

Authors : Uthra Vasudevan, G. Kousalyadevi, K. Geetha Ramesh

10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V12I8P119

How to Cite?

Uthra Vasudevan, G. Kousalyadevi, K. Geetha Ramesh, "Transitional Shelters for Migrants in India: A Review of Low-Cost Rapid Construction Technologies," SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 12,  no. 8, pp. 202-217, 2025. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V12I8P119

Abstract:

India faces an increasing need for transitional shelters due to high internal migration and frequent natural disasters. Migrant workers, especially in construction and informal sectors, often live in unsafe, temporary conditions without access to basic services. This review explores low-cost, rapid construction technologies for transitional shelters tailored to India’s socio-economic and climatic needs. It evaluates modular systems, prefabricated panels, 3D printing, and traditional methods using local and recycled materials, based on criteria like Affordability, construction speed, environmental impact, and cultural suitability. Case studies from India are examined alongside global examples to highlight practical applications, challenges, and success rates. The central role of NGOs and government schemes, as well as gaps in long-term performance data and inclusive policy frameworks, are also discussed. Findings suggest that while multiple technologies are promising, their success depends on community participation, policy support, and field-level validation. This review identifies research gaps in lifecycle assessment, user adaptation, and urban and disaster planning integration. It recommends future directions involving pilot projects, digital tools, and cross-sector collaboration to develop inclusive, sustainable, and scalable shelter solutions for vulnerable migrant populations.

Keywords:

Transitional shelters, Low-cost housing technologies, Migrant workers, Modular construction, Disaster-resilient housing.

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