Integrated Hydrological Modeling for Estimating Peak Discharge in the Tondano Watershed
| International Journal of Civil Engineering |
| © 2025 by SSRG - IJCE Journal |
| Volume 12 Issue 12 |
| Year of Publication : 2025 |
| Authors : Ferry Wantouw, Tiny Mananoma, Arthur H. Thambas, Cindy Jeane Supit, Yosua Aditya Ratu |
10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V12I12P108
How to Cite?
Ferry Wantouw, Tiny Mananoma, Arthur H. Thambas, Cindy Jeane Supit, Yosua Aditya Ratu, "Integrated Hydrological Modeling for Estimating Peak Discharge in the Tondano Watershed," SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 83-93, 2025. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V12I12P108
Abstract:
The Tondano River Basin in North Sulawesi plays an important role in regulating surface runoff to downstream areas, particularly the city of Manado. Increased peak discharge, which can cause risks in downstream areas, is caused by changes in land use and increased variability in rainfall intensity in a watershed. Watersheds are complex river flows, so conventional empirical hydrological analysis is often unable to describe the spatial and temporal diversity of these hydrological processes. This study aims to simulate peak discharge (Qp) using an integrated hydrological modeling approach. Modeling was performed using HEC-HMS, with the Thiessen method using rainfall data from six stations processed to determine the area of influence of each station. This study used the SCS Curve Number (CN) parameter. The six-hour design rainfall was obtained through frequency and hourly distribution analysis. The simulation results show that the peak discharge ranges from 253.2 m³/s (T=2 years) to 415.0 m³/s (T=100 years), which illustrates rapid surface runoff caused by steep topography and low infiltration rates. The results also show that urban growth in the upstream and downstream zones, together with low infiltration capacity, significantly increases the risk of flooding during heavy rains. This model provides a solid basis for estimating peak flood discharge and can be used for flood mitigation planning in the Tondano River Basin. The results of this study emphasize the importance of increasing infiltration rates and managing land use to reduce flooding. Further research is recommended to integrate hydrodynamic models of the estuary.
Keywords:
HEC-HMS, Hydrology, Modeling, Peak Discharge, Tondano Watershed.
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