Precision Modeling and Comparative Analysis of Photovoltaic Panel Parameters: Integrating Mathematical Approaches and Experimental Validation

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

© 2025 by SSRG - IJEEE Journal

Volume 12 Issue 4

Year of Publication : 2025

Authors : K.N. Yogithanjali Saimadhuri, M. Janaki

10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V12I4P103

How to Cite?

K.N. Yogithanjali Saimadhuri, M. Janaki, "Precision Modeling and Comparative Analysis of Photovoltaic Panel Parameters: Integrating Mathematical Approaches and Experimental Validation," SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 12,  no. 4, pp. 47-62, 2025. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V12I4P103

Abstract:

Photovoltaic systems are becoming more popular as clean and sustainable energy sources. A reliable and flexible PV model must be used at the design stage to accurately estimate the quantity of electricity generated by PV under various operating situations. The performance of PV systems under varying temperature and irradiance levels depends on the accurate extraction of key parameters that define the electrical characteristics of solar cells. This paper focuses on the mathematical modeling of the single diode model and the parameter extraction of five unknown parameters, Ipvref, Ioref, nref, Rsref, and Rpref, at reference and in general conditions. These factors are crucial as they regulate solar cells' current-voltage (I-V) and power-voltage (P-V) properties. This affects the accuracy of performance prediction under varied environmental circumstances. A comparative analysis is performed through numerical and villalva methods. The analysis is carried out with six different solar panels, namely monocrystalline, polycrystalline, PERC, Topcon, HJT, and Kaneka solar PV cells, and the specifications are taken from the manufacturing data sheet. The I-V and P-V characteristics of solar PV cells are investigated at different temperatures and degrees of irradiation. The simulation results are compared with the hardware experimental outputs to verify the retrieved parameters from the two mathematical methodologies. Villalva's method closely matches hardware results compared with the numerical method. In the experiment, a practical test is conducted using the Chroma PV Emulator (62000H-S Series). At 250 W/m2 irradiances, the measured power matches the panel power, with an MPPT test efficiency of 98.78%. To assess the precision of two mathematical approaches, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Bias Error (MBE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) are estimated over many operational points.

Keywords:

Solar PV, Single Diode Model (SDM), Standard Test Condition (STC), Solar PV emulator.

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