Advances in Hybrid Nanocomposites for Solar Applications and Photo Catalysis: A Comprehensive Review

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering |
© 2025 by SSRG - IJEEE Journal |
Volume 12 Issue 4 |
Year of Publication : 2025 |
Authors : Chepuri Srinivasa Rao, Gangolu Vijay Kumar, Varadala Ananda Babu, Goteti Chaitanya |
How to Cite?
Chepuri Srinivasa Rao, Gangolu Vijay Kumar, Varadala Ananda Babu, Goteti Chaitanya, "Advances in Hybrid Nanocomposites for Solar Applications and Photo Catalysis: A Comprehensive Review," SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 143-154, 2025. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V12I4P110
Abstract:
Solar energy is a promising and sustainable alternative to meet the world's growing energy requirements. The creation of innovative materials is essential for better solar energy harvesting. Nanostructured hybrid nanocomposites are promising for next-generation solar technology, as they have multifunctional qualities and enhanced device performance, and this study provides a comprehensive analysis of recent developments in these materials for solar applications, including solar cells, photocatalysis, and photoelectrochemical cells, along with an overview of synthesis techniques and future challenges. An overview of chemical and physical synthesis techniques for nanostructured hybrid nanocomposites is summarized. The review also highlights the challenges and future directions to be taken in creating and applying hybrid nanocomposites for next generation solar technology.
Keywords:
Solar energy, Nanostructured hybrid nanocomposites, Multifunctional properties, Solar cells, Photoelectrochemical cells, Synthesis methods.
References:
[1] Bing Mei, Yahong Qin, and Samira Agbolaghi, “A Review on Supramolecules/Nanocomposites based on Carbonic Precursors and Dielectric/Conductive Polymers and their Applications,” Materials Science and Engineering B: Solid-State Materials for Advanced Technology, vol. 269, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[2] Cynthia Collantes et al., “Designing Stable Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: from a Single Particle to Nanocomposites,” Applied Materials Today, vol. 31, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[3] Christopher Igwe Idumah, “Novel Trends in Conductive Polymeric Nanocomposites, and Bionanocomposites,” Synthetic Metals, vol. 273, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] Tahereh B. Gorji, and A.A. Ranjbar, “A Review on Optical Properties and Application of Nanofluids in Direct Absorption Solar Collectors,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 72, pp. 10-32, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] Muhammad Sultan Irshad et al., “Bifunctional in Situ Polymerized Nanocomposites for Convective Solar Desalination and Enhanced Photo-Thermoelectric Power Generation,” Environmental Science: Nano, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1685-1698, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[6] Navid Aslfattahi et al., “Improved Thermo-Physical Properties and Energy Efficiency of Hybrid PCM/Graphene-Silver Nanocomposite in a Hybrid CPV/Thermal Solar System,” Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, vol. 147, no. 2, pp. 1125-1142, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] Momina, and Kafeel Ahmad, “Study of Different Polymer Nanocomposites and their Pollutant Removal Efficiency: Review,” Polymer, vol. 217, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] Sorabh Aggarwal et al., “A Comprehensive Review of Techniques for Increasing the Efficiency of Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors,” Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 4, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] S. Chandrasekaran et al., “Unsteady Radiative Maxwell Fluid Flow Over an Expanding Sheet with Sodium Alginate Water-Based Copper-Graphene Oxide Hybrid Nanomaterial: An Application to Solar Aircraft,” Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 2022, pp. 1-16, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] Lujain Abdullatif Alshuhail, Feroz Shaik, and L. Syam Sundar, “Thermal Efficiency Enhancement of Mono and Hybrid Nanofluids in Solar Thermal Applications - A Review,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 68, pp. 365-404, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] Ana M. Díez-Pascual, “Polymers Development of Graphene-based Polymeric Nanocomposites: A Brief Overview,” Polymers, vol. 13, no. 17, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[12] Wei Keen Fan, Areen Sherryna, and Muhammad Tahir, “Advances in Titanium Carbide (Ti3C2Tx) Mxenes and their Metal-Organic Framework (MOF)-based Nanotextures for Solar Energy Applications: A Review,” ACS Omega, vol. 7, no. 43, pp. 38158-38192, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[13] Naseem Abbas et al., “Applications of Nanofluids in Photovoltaic Thermal Systems: A Review of Recent Advances,” Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 536, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[14] Beata Kurc et al., “Modern Nanocomposites and Hybrids as Electrode Materials used In Energy Carriers,” Nanomaterials, vol. 11, no. 2, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[15] Hatem Ahmad Aljaerani et al., “Thermo-Physical Properties and Corrosivity Improvement of Molten Salts by Use of Nanoparticles for Concentrated Solar Power Applications: A Critical Review,” Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 314, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[16] Mohammed Ismael, “A Review on Graphitic Carbon Nitride (G-C3N4) Based Nanocomposites: Synthesis, Categories, and their Application in Photocatalysis,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 846, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[17] Fei Shen, Dmitry Pankratov, and Qijin Chi, “Graphene-Conducting Polymer Nanocomposites for Enhancing Electrochemical Capacitive Energy Storage,” Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 133-144, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[18] Nazrul Islam et al., “Thermal Efficiency Appraisal of Hybrid Nanocomposite Flow over an Inclined Rotating Disk Exposed to Solar Radiation with Arrhenius Activation Energy: Thermal Efficiency Appraisal of Hybrid Nanocomposite Flow,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 68, pp. 721-732, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[19] Chau T.K. Nguyen et al., “Highly Efficient Nanostructured Metal-Decorated Hybrid Semiconductors for Solar Conversion of CO2 with Almost Complete Co Selectivity,” Materials Today, vol. 35, pp. 25-33, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[20] Yiqiu Xiang et al., “Advances in the Applications of Graphene-based Nanocomposites in Clean Energy Materials,” Crystals, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-26, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[21] Udayashankar Nithiyanantham et al., “Shape Effect of Al2O3 Nanoparticles on the Thermophysical Properties and Viscosity of Molten Salt Nanofluids for TES Application at CSP Plants,” Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 169, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[22] Abdul Wahab et al., “Solar Energy Systems - Potential of Nanofluids,” Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 289, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link] 150 Gangolu Vijay Kumar et al. / IJEEE, 12(4), 143-154, 2025 [23] Hafiz M.A. Javed et al., “Design and Development of a Solar Water Purification System with Graphene-Plasmonic Based Hybrid Nanocomposites: A Review Add Additional Information,” Recent Patents on Nanotechnology, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 30-44, 2021. [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[24] G. Luna-Sanguino et al., “Impact of Water Matrix and Oxidant Agent on the Solar Assisted Photodegradation of a Complex Mix of Pesticides Over Titania-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites,” Catalysis Today, vol. 380, pp. 114-124, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[25] Sunil P. Lonkar, Vishnu Pillai, and Ahmed Abdala, “Solvent-free Synthesis of Zno-graphene Nanocomposite with Superior Photocatalytic Activity,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 465, pp.1107-1113, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[26] Naresh A. Rajpurohit et al., “Design and Synthesis of Hybrid Nanostructures for Sustainable Energy and Environmental Remediation,” Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 15, no. 137, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[27] M. Sappani Muthu et al., “Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization Studies of Nano Graphene Oxide / Copper Oxide (CuO) Nanocomposites Suitable for Supercapacitor Applications,” Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 376-384, 2023.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[28] Shasha Chu et al., “Synthesis of Bi-Bi2O3/C Hybrid Nanocomposite as a High Performance Photocatalyst,” Materials Letters, vol. 136, pp. 366-370, 2014.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[29] F.A. Hezam, O. Nur, and M.A. Mustafa, “Synthesis, Structural, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Nife2O4/MWCNTS/ZnO) Hybrid Nanocomposite for Solar Radiation Driven Photocatalytic Degradation and Magnetic Separation,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 592, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[30] Tapan Kumar Behera et al., “Synthesis and Characterization of Zno-Ag Plasmonic Nanocomposite: An Efficient Photocatalyst for the Degradation Industrial Pollutant,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 47, pp. 1159-1162, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[31] Jini Varghese, “Cus-Zns Decorated Graphene Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Photocatalytic Properties,” Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, vol. 156, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[32] V. Vignesh et al., “Synthesis of GNS-Mns Hybrid Nanocomposite for Enhanced Electrochemical Energy Storage Applications,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 230, pp. 249-257, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[33] Soheil Alasti Bonab, Jafarsadegh Moghaddas, and Mostafa Rezaei, “In-Situ Synthesis of Silica Aerogel/Polyurethane Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Nanocomposite Foams: Characterization, Cell Microstructure and Mechanical Properties,” Polymer, vol. 172, pp. 27-40, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[34] Arindam Giri et al., “Synthesis and Characterization of Biopolymer Based Hybrid Hydrogel Nanocomposite and Study of their Electrochemical Efficacy,” International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, vol. 123, pp. 228-238, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[35] C.R. Mariappan et al., “Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of rGO/Polypyrrole/Ferrites Nanocomposites Obtained Via a Hydrothermal Route for Hybrid Aqueous Supercapacitors,” Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol. 845, pp. 72-83, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[36] Hong Qi et al., “Fabrication of 60 wt% SiO2 Filled Hybrid Nanocomposite and its Application in Erosion-Corrosion and Radiation Resistance,” Vacuum, vol. 189, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[37] Ruiwen Shu et al., “Synthesis and High-Performance Microwave Absorption of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Zinc Ferrite Hybrid Nanocomposite,” Materials Letters, vol. 215, pp. 229-232, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[38] Mehrdad Shayan, Beitallah Eghbali, and Behzad Niroumand, “Synthesis of Aa2024-(SiO2np+TiO2np) Hybrid Nanocomposite via Stir Casting Process,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 756, pp. 484-491, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[39] Xue Huang et al., “Biological Synthesis of Bimetallic Hybrid Nanocomposite: A Remarkable Photocatalyst, Adsorption/Desorption and Antimicrobial Agent,” Applied Surface Science Advances, vol. 17, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[40] Ch Venkata Reddy, B. Babu, and Jaesool Shim, “Synthesis, Optical Properties and Efficient Photocatalytic Activity of CdO/ZnO Hybrid Nanocomposite,” Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, vol. 112, pp. 20-28, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[41] Rachid Ouarsal et al., “New Hybrid Phosphite (CH3OH) Cd (H2PO3)2: Synthesis, Characterization and Application of Nanocomposite,” Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 289, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[42] Jaime S. Sanchez et al., “Synthesis and Application of Nimno3-rGO Nanocomposites as Electrode Materials for Hybrid Energy Storage Devices,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 460, pp. 74-83, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[43] Nacer Badi et al., “Synthesis of Hybrid Polyaniline - Graphene Oxide - Sulfur Nanocomposite Fibers through Ice Nucleation as a Cathode Materials for Lithium-Sulfur Battery,” Materials Science for Energy Technologies, vol. 6, pp. 351-358, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[44] Sameh Dabees et al., “Synthesis and Characterization Studies of High-Density Polyethylene -Based Nanocomposites with Enhanced Surface Energy, Tribological, and Electrical Properties,” Polymer Testing, vol. 98, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[45] J. López-Barroso et al., “Improvements in the Thermomechanical and Electrical Behavior of Hybrid Carbon-Epoxy Nanocomposites,” Carbon Trends, vol. 5, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[46] V. Jabbari et al., “Green Synthesis of Magnetic MOF@GO and MOF@CNT Hybrid Nanocomposites with High Adsorption Capacity towards Organic Pollutants,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 304, pp. 774-783, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[47] N. Raman, S. Sudharsan, and K. Pothiraj, “Synthesis and Structural Reactivity of Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Nanocomposites - A Review,” Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 339-352, 2012.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[48] Esfandyar Askari et al., “A Hybrid Approach for In-Situ Synthesis of Bioceramic Nanocomposites to Adjust the Physicochemical and Biological Characteristics,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 14, pp. 464-474, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[49] E. Parthiban, N. Kalaivasan, and S. Sudarsan, “A Study of Magnetic, Antibacterial and Antifungal Behaviour of a Novel Gold Anchor of Polyaniline/Itaconic Acid/Fe3O4 Hybrid Nanocomposite: Synthesis and Characterization,” Arabian Journal of Chemistry, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 4751-4763, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[50] M. Isacfranklin et al., “Hybrid NiO-CoO Nanocomposite for High Energy Supercapacitor Applications,” Ceramics International, vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 8486-8489, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[51] Yunfeng Wu et al., “Synthesis of High-Performance Conjugated Microporous Polymer/TiO2 Photocatalytic Antibacterial Nanocomposites,” Materials Science and Engineering C, vol. 126, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[52] F.A. Hezam et al., “Synthesis and Physical Properties of Spinel Ferrites/MWCNTS Hybrids Nanocomposites for Energy Storage and Photocatalytic Applications,” Physica B: Condensed Matter, vol. 596, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[53] Asim Mushtaq et al., “Magnetic Hydroxyapatite Nanocomposites: the Advances from Synthesis to Biomedical Applications,” Materials & Design, vol. 197, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[54] Muling Zeng et al., “Scalable Synthesis of Multicomponent Multifunctional Inorganic Core@Mesoporous Silica Shell Nanocomposites,” Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol. 128, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[55] Jai Prakash et al., “Noble Metals-TiO2 Nanocomposites: from Fundamental Mechanisms to Photocatalysis, Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering and Antibacterial Applications,” Applied Materials Today, vol. 11. pp. 82-135, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[56] Akbar Mohammad et al., “Synergistically Effective and Highly Visible Light Responsive SnO2-G-C3N4 Nanostructures for Improved Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Performance,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 495, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[57] Tuhin Kumar Maji et al., “Development of a Magnetic Nanohybrid for Multifunctional Application: from Immobile Photocatalysis to Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study,” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, vol. 397, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[58] Sunil P. Lonka, Vishnu Pillai, and Ahmed Abdala, “Solvent-Free Synthesis of Zno-graphene Nanocomposite with Superior Photocatalytic Activity,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 465, pp. 1107-1113, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[59] Mohammad Ehtisham Khan, Mohammad Ehtisham Khan, and Moo Hwan Cho, “Cds-Graphene Nanocomposite for Efficient Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Applications,” Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, vol. 482, pp. 221-232, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[60] Wenqiang Gao et al., “Electromagnetic Induction Derived Micro-electric Potential in Metal-Semiconductor Core-Shell Hybrid Nanostructure Enhancing Charge Separation for High Performance Photocatalysis,” Nano Energy, vol. 71, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[61] Haifeng Dang et al., “One-Dimensional Au/Sic Heterojunction Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Performances: Kinetics and Mechanism Insights,” Electrochimica Acta, vol. 267, pp. 24-33, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[62] S. Kment et al., “FeO-based Nanostructures and Nanohybrids for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting,” Progress in Materials Science, vol. 110, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[63] Amirhossein Alaghmandfard, and Khashayar Ghandi, “A Comprehensive Review of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4)–Metal Oxide Based Nanocomposites: Potential for Photocatalysis and Sensing,” Nanomaterials, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 1-73, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[64] Uzair Abdullah, Maryum Ali, and Erum Pervaiz, “An Inclusive Review on Recent Advancements of Cadmium Sulfide Nanostructures and its Hybrids for Photocatalytic and Electrocatalytic Applications,” Molecular Catalysis, vol. 508, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[65] S. Shabna, S. Sahaya Jude Dhas, and C.S. Biju, “Potential Progress in SnO2 Nanostructures for Enhancing Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants,” Catalysis Communications, vol. 177, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[66] Manan Mehta et al., “Synthesis of MoS2-TiO2 Nanocomposite for Enhanced Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Performance under Visible Light Irradiation,” Vacuum, vol. 155, pp. 675-681, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[67] Xeniya Alexandrovna Leontyeva et al., “Synthesis and Properties of Semiconductor Bismuth Sulfide Iodide for Photoelectrochemical Applications,” Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, vol. 27, no. 5, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[68] Nagi M. El-Shafai et al., “Enhancement of Electrochemical Properties and Photocurrent of Copper Oxide by Heterojunction Process as a Novel Hybrid Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Anti-Fouling and Solar Cell Applications,” Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 267, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[69] Daniel Aguilar-Ferrer, Jakub Szewczyk, and Emerson Coy, “Recent Developments in Polydopamine-Based Photocatalytic Nanocomposites for Energy Production: Physico-Chemical Properties and Perspectives,” Catalysis Today, vol. 397-399, pp. 316-349, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[70] Ahmad Farhan et al., “Metal Ferrites-based Nanocomposites and Nanohybrids for Photocatalytic Water Treatment and Electrocatalytic Water Splitting,” Chemosphere, vol. 310, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[71] Sajid Ali Ansari et al., “Silver Nanoparticles and Defect-Induced Visible Light Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Performance of AG@M-TiO2 Nanocomposite,” Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol. 141, pp. 162-170, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[72] Xiuzhen Zheng et al., “Regulating Charge Transfer Over 3D Au/ZnO Hybrid Inverse Opal Toward Efficiently Photocatalytic Degradation of Bisphenol A and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 393, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[73] Maria Batool et al., “Bismuth-based Heterojunction Nanocomposites for Photocatalysis and Heavy Metal Detection Applications,” Nano Structures and Nano-Objects, vol. 27, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[74] Kakarla Raghava Reddy, Mahbub Hassan, and Vincent G. Gomes, “Hybrid Nanostructures based on Titanium Dioxide for Enhanced Photocatalysis,” Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 489, pp. 1-16, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[75] Walid Nabgan et al., “A Review on the Design of Nanostructure-based Materials for Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Generation from Wastewater: Bibliometric Analysis, Mechanisms, Prospective, and Challenges,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 52, pp. 622-663, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[76] Shareen Shafique et al., “Improving the Performance of V2O5/rGO Hybrid Nanocomposites for Photodetector Applications,” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 332, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[77] S.W. Hu et al., “Simultaneous Nanostructure and Heterojunction Engineering of Graphitic Carbon Nitride via in Situ Ag Doping for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Activity,” Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, vol. 163, pp. 611-622, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[78] P. Ghosh et al., “Influence of Nanostructures in Perovskite Solar Cells,” Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[79] Zhixin Liu et al., “Extended Short-Wavelength Spectral Response of Organic/Silver Nanoparticles/Si Nanoholes Nanocomposite Films) Hybrid Solar Cells due to Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 334, pp. 110-114, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[80] Pedaballi Sireesha et al., “Carboxylic Acid-functionalized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes-Polyindole/Ti2O3 : A Novel Hybrid Nanocomposite as Highly Efficient Photo-Anode for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs),” Applied Surface Science, vol. 423, pp. 147 153, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[81] Swati Verma et al., “Anisotropic ZnO Nanostructures and their Nanocomposites as an Advanced Platform for Photocatalytic Remediation,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 415, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[82] Mujeeb Khan et al., “Graphene/Inorganic Nanocomposites: Evolving Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion for Environmental Remediation,” Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, vol. 26, no. 6, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[83] D. Krishnamoorthy, and A. Prakasam, “Preparation of MoS2/Graphene Nanocomposite-based Photoanode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs),” Inorganic Chemistry Communications, vol. 118, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[84] Feng Gao et al., “Computational Studies on the Absorption Enhancement of Nanocomposites of Tetraphenylporphyrin and Graphene Quantum Dot as Sensitizers in Solar Cell,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 53, no. 7, pp. 5140-5150, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[85] Fatemeh Sadegh et al., “A Facile and Green Synthesis of Superparamagnetic Fe3O4@PANI Nanocomposite with a Core-shell Structure to Increase of Triplet State Population and Efficiency of the Solar Cells,” Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, vol. 9, no. 1, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[86] Nagi M. El-Shafai et al., “Enhancement of Electrochemical Properties and Photocurrent of Copper Oxide by Heterojunction Process as a Novel Hybrid Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Anti-fouling and Solar Cell Applications,” Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 267, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[87] S. Phuti Ramaripa et al., “Influence of Phthalocyanine Nanowire Dye on the Performance of Titanium Dioxide-Metal Organic Framework Nanocomposite for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells,” Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, vol. 14, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[88] Naveed Akhtar Shad et al., “Facile Synthesis of Bi2WO6/rGO Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic and Solar Cell Applications,” Ceramics International, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 16101-16110, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[89] Usman Ali et al., “Graphene Oxide Incorporation in Ag-doped ZnO Nanocomposite as Efficient Electron Extraction Material for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells,” Results in Optics, vol. 12, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[90] G. Sankar et al., “PT-Free and Efficient Counter Electrode with Nanostructured CoNi2S4/rGO for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells,” Inorganic Chemistry Communications, vol. 126, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[91] Falak Babar et al., “Nanostructured Photoanode Materials and their Deposition Methods for Efficient and Economical Third Generation Dye-sensitized Solar Cells: A Comprehensive Review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 129, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[92] Nagi M. El-Shafai et al., “Electrochemical Property, Antioxidant Activities, Water Treatment and Solar Cell Applications of Titanium Dioxide - Zinc Oxide Hybrid Nanocomposite based on Graphene Oxide Nanosheet,” Materials Science and Engineering: B, vol. 259, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[93] Amine Mezni et al., “Plasmonic Hybrid Platinum-Titania Nanocomposites as Highly Active Photocatalysts: Self-Cleaning of Cotton Fiber under Solar Light,” Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 1447-1456, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[94] Rojan Savari et al., “Development of Photo-Anodes based on Strontium Doped Zinc Oxide-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites for Improving Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells,” Ceramics International, vol. 47, no. 22, pp. 31927-31939, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[95] R. Gayathri et al., “Fabrication of WO3 Nanotubes/Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Hybrid Structures: Enhanced Solar Conversion Efficiency in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell,” Diamond and Related Materials, vol. 119, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[96] Lujain Abdullatif Alshuhail, Feroz Shaik, and L. Syam Sundar, “Thermal Efficiency Enhancement of Mono and Hybrid Nanofluids in solar Thermal Applications - A Review,” Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 68, pp. 365-404, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[97] Huili Ran et al., “Enhanced Performances of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells based on AU-TiO2 and AG-TiO2 Plasmonic Hybrid Nanocomposites,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 430, pp. 415-423, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[98] Kaniz Fatima et al., “DFT Studies on a Metal Oxide@Graphene-Decorated D-π1-π2-A Novel Multi-Junction Light-Harvesting System for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications,” ACS Omega, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 8865-8875, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[99] Binling Chen et al., “Emerging Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Derivatives in Solar Cells: Recent Advances and Challenges,” Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports, vol. 152, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[100] N. Al Abass et al., “Laser-Assisted Synthesis of ZnO/ZnSe Hybrid Nanostructured Films for Enhanced Solar-Light Induced Water Splitting and Water Decontamination,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 43, pp. 22938-22949, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[101] Hina Y. Abbasi, Amir Habib, and Muhammad Tanveer, “Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructures of ZnO and ZnO/Graphene Composites for the Application in Hybrid Solar Cells,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 690, pp. 21-26, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[102] Samaneh Noori, Ali Reza Kiasat, and Roya Mirzajani, “An Eco-Friendly and Energy-Efficient Protocol for the Heck Reaction under Solar Radiation Catalyzed by Rice Husk Silica‐anchored Cinchonine.Pd Nanocomposite,” Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, vol. 27, no. 3, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[103] Alagar Ramar et al., “TiO2/Polyisothianaphthene-A Novel Hybrid Nanocomposite as Highly Efficient Photoanode in Dye Sensitized Solar Cell,” Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, vol. 329, pp. 96-104, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[104] W. Mekprasart, W. Jarernboon, and W. Pecharapa, “TiO2/CuPc Hybrid Nanocomposites Prepared by Low-energy Ball Milling for Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Application,” Materials Science and Engineering: B, vol. 172, no. 3, pp. 231-236, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]