Call for Paper - Upcoming Issues

A High-Efficiency PV-Based Charging System for Electric Vehicles Using Optimized MPPT and High-Gain Boost-Zeta Converter

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
© 2025 by SSRG - IJEEE Journal
Volume 12 Issue 8
Year of Publication : 2025
Authors : J. Viswanatha Rao, S. Vijaya Madhavi, K. Kalaiyarasan, D. Sowmiya
10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V12I8P120
pdf
How to Cite?

J. Viswanatha Rao, S. Vijaya Madhavi, K. Kalaiyarasan, D. Sowmiya, "A High-Efficiency PV-Based Charging System for Electric Vehicles Using Optimized MPPT and High-Gain Boost-Zeta Converter," SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 12,  no. 8, pp. 226-245, 2025. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V12I8P120

Abstract:

The increase in adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) continues to progress, owing to the pressing need for charging infrastructure that integrates Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), while maintaining eco-friendly standards. This research develops a Photovoltaic (PV) based EV charging system, reducing dependency on the grid and lowering the carbon footprint associated with conventional charging systems. The research incorporates a novel High Gain Boost-Zeta (HGBZ) converter to boost low PV voltage to a required level for EV charging, offering efficient transfer of energy. In addition, the Improved Coot Optimized Artificial Neural Network (ICO-ANN) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is integrated to maximize power extraction from PV under changing sunlight conditions, ensuring consistent and reliable charging. The system also incorporates a Bidirectional DC-DC converter interfacing with an energy storage unit, allowing it to store excess solar energy when generation exceeds demand and supply power to EV during low solar production periods. The bidirectional capability ensures uninterrupted charging and improves the system, making it ideal for an EV charging station. A three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) is incorporated into the grid connection, and EV charging is used to support flexible energy management. The system distributes excess solar energy to the grid or draws from it when additional power is needed, providing dynamic interaction with the grid and contributing to grid stability. The proposed system is analyzed using MATLAB, and the attained results are compared with state-of-the-art methodologies, revealing improved converter efficiency of 95.33% and tracking efficiency of 98.99%, thereby highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed work.

Keywords:

PV System, HGBZ Converter, ICO-ANN MPPT, EV System, BLDC Motor, Battery, Grid Synchronization.

References:

[1] K.S. Kavin et al., “Improved BRBFNN-Based MPPT Algorithm for Coupled Inductor KSK Converter for Sustainable PV System Applications,” Electrical Engineering, vol. 107, no. 6, pp. 7831-7853, 2025.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[2] B. Siva Krishna, U. Lilli Kumar, and J. Vishwanath Rao, “Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources Based Active Power Filter with Predictive Fuzzy Controller to Improve Power Quality,” 2015.
[Google Scholar]
[3] Deepak Mohanraj et al., “Critical Aspects of Electric Motor Drive Controllers and Mitigation of Torque Ripple,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 73635-73674, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] M. Aishwarya, and R.M. Brisilla, “Design and Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motor using ML-Based Algorithms for EV Application,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 34186-34197, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] Qi Huang et al., “Design and Research of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Controller for Electric Vehicle,” Energy Science & Engineering, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 112-126, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[6] Mahesh A. Pate et al., “Design and Optimisation of Slotted Stator Tooth Switched Reluctance Motor for Torque Enhancement for Electric Vehicle Applications,” International Journal of Ambient Energy, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 4283-4288, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] Hui Wang et al., “Design and Control of Wireless Permanent-Magnet Brushless Dc Motors,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 2969-2979, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] Carlos Restrepo et al., “Improved Model Predictive Current Control of the Versatile Buck-Boost Converter for a Photovoltaic Application,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 1505-1519, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] Yousef Alharbi, and Ahmed Darwish, “Control of Cuk-Based Microinverter Topology with Energy Storage for Residential PV Applications,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1-23, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] Alakshyender Singh, Jitendra Gupta, and Bhim Singh, “Bridgeless Modified High-Step-Up Gain SEPIC PFC Converter-Based Charger for Light EVs Battery,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 6155-6166, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] M. Karthikeyan et al., “A Hybridization of Cuk and Boost Converter using Single Switch with Higher Voltage Gain Compatibility,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 1-24, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[12] Haris Ataullah et al., “High Gain Coupled Inductor SEPIC based Boost Inverter using Extended SPWM,” Energy Reports, vol. 10, pp. 4013-4024, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[13] Ramanathan Gopalasami, Bharatiraja Chokkalingam, and Suresh Muthusamy, “A Novel Method for Hybridization of Super Lift Luo Converter and Boost Converter for Electric Vehicle Charging Applications,” Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 8419-8437, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[14] Xibeng Zhang et al., “Hybrid Maximum Power Point Tracking Method based on Iterative Learning Control and Perturb & Observe Method,” IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 659-670, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[15] Mohammad Haziq Ibrahim et al., “Optimizing Step-Size of Perturb & Observe and Incremental Conductance MPPT Techniques Using PSO for Grid-Tied PV System,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 13079-13090, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[16] Bushra Sabir et al., “A Novel Isolated Intelligent Adjustable Buck-Boost Converter with Hill Climbing MPPT Algorithm for Solar Power Systems,” Processes, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 1-23, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[17] Shaik Rafi Kiran et al., “Reduced Simulative Performance Analysis of Variable Step Size ANN-based MPPT Techniques for Partially Shaded Solar PV Systems,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 48875-48889, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[18] Aouatif Ibnelouad et al., “Improved Cooperative Artificial Neural Network‐Particle Swarm Optimization Approach for Solar Photovoltaic Systems using Maximum Power Point Tracking,” International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 30, no. 8, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[19] Jesus Aguila-Leon et al., “Solar Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Controller Optimization using Grey Wolf Optimizer: A Performance Comparison Between Bio-Inspired and Traditional Algorithms,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 211, pp. 1-22, 2023.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[20] Catalina González-Castaño et al., “MPPT Algorithm Based on Artificial Bee Colony for PV System,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 43121-43133, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[21] Nassir Deghfel et al., “A New Intelligently Optimized Model Reference Adaptive Controller using GA and WOA-based MPPT Techniques for Photovoltaic Systems,” Scientific Reports, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-21, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[22] Abdulbari Talib Naser et al., “A Fast-Tracking MPPT-Based Modified Coot Optimization Algorithm for PV Systems under Partial Shading Conditions,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1-15, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[23] Arshad Mahmood et al., “A Non-Inverting High Gain Dc-Dc Converter with Continuous Input Current,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 54710-54721, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[24] S.V.K. Naresh, Sankar Peddapati, and Mamdouh L. Alghaythi, “Non-Isolated High Gain Quadratic Boost Converter based on Inductor's Asymmetric Input Voltage,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 162108-162121, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[25] Pandav Kiran Maroti et al., “A New Structure of High Voltage Gain SEPIC Converter for Renewable Energy Applications,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 89857-89868, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[26] Zeeshan Haider et al., “Development and Analysis of a Novel High-Gain CUK Converter using Voltage-Multiplier Units,” Electronics, vol. 11, no. 17, pp. 1-16, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[27] Ke Guo et al., “An Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer MPPT Algorithm for PV System with BFBIC Converter under Partial Shading,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 103476-103490, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[28] Akhil Raj, and R.P. Praveen, “Highly Efficient DC-DC Boost Converter Implemented with Improved MPPT Algorithm for Utility Level Photovoltaic Applications,” Ain Shams Engineering Journal, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1-9, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[29] Zhuoli Zhao et al., “Hierarchical Pigeon-Inspired Optimization-Based MPPT Method for Photovoltaic Systems under Complex Partial Shading Conditions,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 69, no. 10, pp. 10129-10143, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]