A Survey on Adaptive Fault Tolerant and Control Strategy Techniques for Power Electronic Traction Transformer

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

© 2025 by SSRG - IJEEE Journal

Volume 12 Issue 10

Year of Publication : 2025

Authors : G. Roopa, Suresh H L

10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V12I10P111

How to Cite?

G. Roopa, Suresh H L, "A Survey on Adaptive Fault Tolerant and Control Strategy Techniques for Power Electronic Traction Transformer," SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 12,  no. 10, pp. 136-156, 2025. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V12I10P111

Abstract:

Among such disruptive technologies is the Power Electronic Traction Transformer (PETT) that not only challenges the traditional transformers but also offers many additional practical benefits, such as high efficiency, modularity, miniaturization, etc. These advantages position PETT as a transformative solution for modern electrical systems, enabling enhanced performance in various applications, including renewable energy integration and innovative grid implementations. As the demand for efficient power management continues to rise, the adoption of this technology is likely to accelerate, fostering innovations across the energy sector. However, fault tolerance and control, both important for reliability and operational stability, are fundamental challenges to the broad use of this technique. This survey covers the large body of adaptive fault-tolerant practices and control systems tailored to the PETT to address its special challenges. According to the paper, PETT is introduced and discussed with a focus on its architecture, internal working principles, and applications to a broad range of scenarios, including renewable energy integration, smart grids, and others. A DRILL-down of frequent fault classes in PETT is established, including thermal faults, open-circuit faults, and short-circuit faults. Furthermore, this taxonomy exposes the trust identifier faults and challenges concerning detection and resolution. The survey reports adaptive fault-tolerant methods (self-healing systems), out-of-the-box real-time Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI), recent state-of-the-art methods, and their adaptive reconfiguration. On the other hand, the paper surveys control methods based on voltage control, current control, and frequency control, and the new methods by way of model predictive control, neural network-based control, and adaptive sliding mode control. The survey combines these approaches to emphasize the complementarities between fault tolerance and control schemes and their combined effect on PETT reliability and performance. Recently, however, the potential applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques on PETT domains are also described, indicating transformative capability to address issues related to fault management and control schemes. The article concludes with a summary of research limitations and recommendations on research investigations aimed at promoting the amenability and robustness of PETT. In general, this survey is helpful for researchers and industry players to innovate and design robust solutions that are sensitive to the technology of power electronic transformers.

Keywords:

Power Electronic Traction Transformer (PETT), Adaptive Fault Tolerance, Control Strategies, Fault Detection and Isolation (FDI), Artificial Intelligence in Power Systems.

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