Frequency Regulation of Low Inertia Microgrids by Optimized Tilt Integral Derivative Controller-Based Virtual Inertia Control

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

© 2025 by SSRG - IJEEE Journal

Volume 12 Issue 12

Year of Publication : 2025

Authors : P. Narayana Bhaskar, K. Udhayakumar

10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V12I12P104

How to Cite?

P. Narayana Bhaskar, K. Udhayakumar, "Frequency Regulation of Low Inertia Microgrids by Optimized Tilt Integral Derivative Controller-Based Virtual Inertia Control," SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 12,  no. 12, pp. 41-50, 2025. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V12I12P104

Abstract:

Combining Renewable Energy Sources (RES) with a Micro Grid (MG) lowers system inertia, which makes frequency management more difficult. The idea behind Virtual Inertia Control (VIC) is to use Energy Storage Systems (ESS) to mimic the inertia of a conventional power system. The current work projects an optimized Tilt Integral Derivative (TID) controller for the VIC of low inertia MG with RES using the improved Golf Optimization Algorithm (iGOA). In the beginning, PID controllers are assumed, and the dominance of the iGOA technique is demonstrated over the Golf Optimization Algorithm (GOA) and Sine Cosine Hyperbolic Algorithm (SCHA). In the next stage, Tilt Integral Derivative (TID) controllers are employed, and the TID parameters are tuned by the iGOA method. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate that compared to iGOA optimized PID without VIC and PID with VIC, the proposed TID with VIC scheme achieves superior performance with significantly reduced error metrics across various scenarios, like low-RES penetration, high-RES conditions, variable load with RES penetration, as well as variable load with noise-based RES model.

Keywords:

Micro Grid (MG), Renewable Energy Sources (RES), Frequency control, Energy Storage Systems (ESS), Virtual Inertia Control (VIC), Tilt Integral Derivative (TID) controllers, improved Golf Optimization Algorithm (iGOA)

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