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Resolving The Speed-Efficiency Trade-Off Through a Hybrid SOC Equalization Technique for EV Battery Management Systems

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
© 2026 by SSRG - IJEEE Journal
Volume 13 Issue 1
Year of Publication : 2026
Authors : Ankit N Brahmbhatt, Pritesh R Mankad
10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V13I1P111
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How to Cite?

Ankit N Brahmbhatt, Pritesh R Mankad, "Resolving The Speed-Efficiency Trade-Off Through a Hybrid SOC Equalization Technique for EV Battery Management Systems," SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 13,  no. 1, pp. 114-122, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V13I1P111

Abstract:

The rise in popularity of electric vehicles has raised demand for lithium-ion battery systems that provide improved safety, efficiency, and battery life. One of the most crucial factors influencing a battery pack's performance is the state of charge imbalance among its cells. This causes cells to degrade more quickly, have less useful capacity, and be less efficient. Active and passive balancing are two ways of Cell balancing that are already available. Both approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages as well. The passive balancing approach is fast but results in significant energy loss, whereas the active balancing method is energy-efficient but operates at a slower speed. This trade-off is achieved through the proposal of a novel hybrid cell equalization approach that leverages the high energy efficiency of capacitive charge transfer while also ensuring fast convergence through resistive equalization. The approach combines capacitive charge transfer to diminish large state of charge variations at the beginning and resistive balancing during the final equalization phase for enhancing convergence speed. This hybridized operation enables competent redistribution of charge with a reduction in balancing time and energy loss. Simulation results confirm that the hybrid approach is more energy efficient and faster than both the current approaches. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid balancing approach has great potential in imminent battery management systems to increase the lifetime and reliability of electric vehicles.

Keywords:

Electric Vehicles (EVs), Battery Management System (BMS), Cell Balancing Techniques, State of Charge (SOC).

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