A Proposed Adaptive Droop Controller for Hybrid Alternating Current / Direct Current Smart Microgrids

International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

© 2026 by SSRG - IJEEE Journal

Volume 13 Issue 2

Year of Publication : 2026

Authors : Om mohamed M. Elfadawy, Bishoy E. Sedhom, Ebrahim A. Badran, Ibrahim I. I. Mansy

10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V13I2P102

How to Cite?

Om mohamed M. Elfadawy, Bishoy E. Sedhom, Ebrahim A. Badran, Ibrahim I. I. Mansy, "A Proposed Adaptive Droop Controller for Hybrid Alternating Current / Direct Current Smart Microgrids," SSRG International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, vol. 13,  no. 2, pp. 15-37, 2026. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/IJEEE-V13I2P102

Abstract:

Smart hybrid microgrid power architectures encounter a critical challenge in achieving rapid power sharing while maintaining stable operation. This study introduces a novel adaptive droop-based control strategy designed to address this issue in smart hybrid microgrids under various operating conditions, including steady-state operation and load variations resulting from both load increases and decreases. Conventional droop control techniques employed in inverter-based smart hybrid microgrids are generally insufficient to ensure satisfactory performance, as increasing the droop gain to accelerate power sharing can adversely affect system stability. The proposed approach enhances primary control performance by optimally adjusting droop coefficients alongside voltage and/or current control loops. Consequently, it improves power quality indicators—such as frequency and voltage regulation—while preserving accurate active and reactive power sharing among interconnected smart hybrid microgrids. The developed control strategy effectively mitigates voltage and frequency deviations due to load sharing between inverters and then enhances overall power distribution performance. Simulation analyses conducted under diverse operating scenarios, including steady-state conditions and dynamic load changes, validate the proposed method. This demonstrates that the proposed controller significantly improves the overall stability of smart hybrid microgrids by increasing faster power sharing and reducing voltage and frequency fluctuations.

Keywords:

Hybrid AC/DC Smart Microgrid, Droop controller, State-space, Voltage & Current controllers, Adaptive controller.

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