Common Co-morbidities among Students Using Alcohol in Mount Kenya University, Nairobi

International Journal of Humanities and Social Science
© 2019 by SSRG - IJHSS Journal
Volume 6 Issue 5
Year of Publication : 2019
Authors : Rahab W. Gathuci , Dr. Peterson Kimiru Mwangi , Rev. Dr. Manya Stephen
pdf
How to Cite?

Rahab W. Gathuci , Dr. Peterson Kimiru Mwangi , Rev. Dr. Manya Stephen, "Common Co-morbidities among Students Using Alcohol in Mount Kenya University, Nairobi," SSRG International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, vol. 6,  no. 5, pp. 99-105, 2019. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23942703/IJHSS-V6I5P115

Abstract:

Alcohol use has been reported to have serious health and social effects among University students. In order to ascertain this assertion, this study examined some of the common co morbidities that co-exist with alcohol use. The study was conducted among 126 undergraduate students at Mount Kenya University in Nairobi, Kenya. To select the sample, stratified purposeful sampling method was applied and respondents screened using a questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory to screen for depression; Beck Anxiety Inventory for anxiety and an Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test for alcohol use. The Intraclass correlation coefficient test (ICC) that measures the reliability for alcohol, depression and anxiety clusters found a high ICC (p=0.0001) which means that depression, anxiety and alcohol use are co-morbid.

Keywords:

Common Co-morbidities, Alcohol, Mount Kenya University, Nairobi

References:

[1] Agyapong, V. (2013). Epidemiology aetiology and management of major depression with co-morbid alcohol use disorder - a review of the literature. Current Psychiatry Review, 9(1), 271-283.
[2] Andersson, D., Magnusson, H., Carstensen, J., & Borgguist, L. (2011). Co-morbidity and health care utilisation five years prior to diagnosis for depression: A register-based study in a Swedish population. BMC Public Health, 11(2), 552-564.
[3] Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., & Henson, J. M. (2017). Drinking to cope with depressive symptoms and ruminative thinking: A multiple mediation model among college students. Substance Use and Misuse, 52(1), 52-62.
[4] Buckner, J., Timpano, K., Zyolensky, M., Sachs-Ericsson, N., & Schmidt, N. (2008). Implications of comorbid alcohol dependence among individuals with social anxiety disorder. Ddepression and Anxiety, 25(10), 1028-1037.
[5] Casagrande, J. T., Pike, M. C., & Smith, P. G. (1978). An improved appropriate formula for calculating sample sizes for comparing two binominal distributions. Biometric, 34(3), 483-486.
[6] Cheng, W. J., Cheng, Y. W., Huang, M. C., & Chen, C. J. (2012). Alcohol dependence, consumption of alcoholic energy drinks and associated work characteristics in the Taiwan working population. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 47(4), 372-379.
[7] Falk, D., Yi, H., & Hiller-Sturmhofel, S. (2008). An Epidemiologic Analysis of Co-Occurring Alcohol and Drug Use and Disorders: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). Alcohol Research Health, 31(2), 100-110.
[8] Goncalves, D. C., Pachana, N. A., & Byrne, G. J. (2011). Prevalence and correlates of generalized anxiety disorder among older adults in the Australian National Survey of mental health and well-being. Journal of Affective Disorders, 132(1), 223-230.
[9] Heckers, S. (2015). The value of psychiatric diagnoses. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(65), 1165-1166.
[10] Karpyaki, V. M., Biernackal, J. M., Geske, J. R., Abulseoudi, O. A., Brunner, M. D., Chauhan, M., . . . Mrazekit, D. A. (2016). Gender-specific effects of comorbid depression and anxiety on the propensity to drink in negative emotional states. Addiction, 111(2), 1366-1375. doi:10.1111/add.13386
[11] Kedzior, K. K., & Lader, B. (2015). Acute reduction in anxiety after deep trans-cranial magnetic stimulation (dtms) in unipolar major depression- a systematic review and metaanalysis.Psychiatry, 230(3), 971-974.
[12] Kraemer, H. (2015). Research domain criteria (RDoC) and the DSM- two methodological approaches to mental health diagnosis. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(1), 1163-1164.
[13] Lai, H. M., Cleary, M., Sitharthan, T., & Hunt, G. E. (2015). Prevalence of comorbid substance use, anxiety and mood disorders in epidemiological surveys, 1990-2014: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug and Alcohol Deprendence, 154(1), 1-13. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.031
[14] Morley, K. C., Baillie, A., Leung, S., Sannibale, C., Teesson, M., & Haber, P. S. (20016). Is specialized integrated treatment for comorbid anxiety, depression and alcohol dependence better than treatment as usual in a public hospital setting? Alcohol and Alcoholism, 51(4), 402-409. doi:doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agv131
[15] Muriungi, S. K., Ndetei, D. M., Karanja, J., & Matheka, C. W. (2013). Alcohol and substance abuse risk among students at the Kenya medical training college. Mental Health and Substance Use, 7(2), 125-133.
[16] Ndegwa, S., Munene, A., & Oladipo, R. (2017). Factors influencing Alcohol Use among University Students in a Kenyan University. African Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1(1), 102-116.
[17] Nguyen, A., Mirbaba, M., Khaleghi, F., & Tsuang, J. (2017). Current treatment options for co-morbid anxiety and alcohol use disorders: A review. Journal of Addictive Behaviors and Therapy, 1(3), 451-472.
[18] Okeafor, C. U., Chukwujekwu, C. D., & Chukwuemeka, S. P. (2016). Co- morbidity of Alcohol Use Disorder and depression among patients attending a tertiary hospital in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 4(3), 38-42.
[19] Peltzer, K., Pengpid, S., & Tepirou, C. (2016). Associations of alcohol use with mental health and alcohol exposure among school-going students in Cambodia. Nagoya Journal of Medical Sciences, 78(4), 415-422.
[20] Rimbere, J., & Kabunga, A. (2017). Prevalence of drug abuse in Mount Kenya University. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 33(6), 668-772.
[21] Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2012). Research methods for business students. US: Pearson Education
Limited.
[22] Smith, J. P., & Brook, S. W. (2010). Comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorders among individuals seeking outpatient substance abuse treatment. Addictive Behaviors, 35(1), 42-45. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.07.002
[23] Toprak, S., Cetin, I., Guven, T., Can, G., & Demircan, C. (2011). Self-harm, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among college students. Psychiatry Research, 187(1-2), 140-144.
[24] World Health Organization [WHO]. (2013). Adversechildhood experiences survey among university students in Turkey. Denmark: WHO Regional Office for Europe.