An Assessment of Effluent Quality From Selected Small-Scale Palm Kernel Processing Industries In Ibadan, Nigeria

International Journal of Industrial Engineering

© 2020 by SSRG - IJIE Journal

Volume 7 Issue 2

Year of Publication : 2020

Authors : Anthony, O. Umole, Mynepalli, K. C. Sridhar, Ugochukwu, W. Okonkwo

10.14445/23499362/IJIE-V7I2P101

How to Cite?

Anthony, O. Umole, Mynepalli, K. C. Sridhar, Ugochukwu, W. Okonkwo, "An Assessment of Effluent Quality From Selected Small-Scale Palm Kernel Processing Industries In Ibadan, Nigeria," SSRG International Journal of Industrial Engineering, vol. 7,  no. 2, pp. 1-6, 2020. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23499362/IJIE-V7I2P101

Abstract:

Oil palm (Elaeisguineensis) is an economic plantation crop in Nigeria and other southern countries of West Africa.An assessment of the quality of effluent in four selected small-scale palm kernel processing industries was conducted in Ibadan, Nigeria comprising of Akinyele, Ibadan North-East, Oluyole and Ibadan South-West LGAs. The specific objectives were to examine the nature of effluents generated from these industries operated as batch processes which are scattered in several parts of the city. Triplicate samples of effluent were collected from each of the four study locations. This was done during the day at the end of each production batch. Soil samples were also collected from each site and labeled appropriately according to their locations before carrying out laboratory tests. The soil samples were collected from 0-10cm depth with a trowel. Physicochemical characteristics were determined in a dozen each of wastewater and soil samples obtained from sampled locations within and outside the four industries studied. Comparison of the investigated physicochemical parameters with the standard limits of effluent guidelines revealed that the wastewaters were highly concentrated and soil samples were highly contaminated. For instance, high oil and grease contents in the soil samples ranged from 1,389 mg/kg to 1,671 mg/kg. Finally, it was concluded that there is need to clamor for effective management of effluents generated from these industries to reduce the quantities of pollutants being discharged into the environment.

Keywords:

Palm kernel oil effluent, soil quality, water quality, system production, Nigeria

References:

[1] Okwute, O. L. and Isu, N. R. (2007). “Impact analysis of palm oil mill effluent on the aerobic bacterial density and ammonium oxidizers in a dumpsite in Anyigba, Kogi State”. African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(2): 116-119.
[2] Wu, T. Y., Mohammad, A.W.,Jahim, J.andAnuar, N. (2009). “A holistic approach to managing palm oil mill effluent (POME): Biotechnological advances in the sustainable reuse of POME”. Biotechnology Advances, 27(1): 40-52.
[3] Ezemonye, L. I. N., Ogeleka, D. F. and Okieimen, F. E. (2008). “Lethal toxicity of industrial chemicals to early life stages of Tilapia guineensis”. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 157(1): 64-68.
[4] Adeoluwa, O. O. and Adeoye, G. O. (2008).”Potential of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) as Fertilizer in Oil Palm (ElaeisguineensisL. Jacq.)Nurseries”. Poster at: Cultivating the Future Based on Science: 2nd Conference of the International Society of Organic Agriculture Research ISOFAR, Modena, Italy, June 18-20, 2008. Retrieved from: http:// orgprints.org/view/projects/conference.html.
[5] Baharuddin, A. S., Wakisaka, M., Shirai, Y., Abd-Aziz, S., Abdul Rahman, N. A. and Hassan, M. A. (2009). “Co-composting of empty fruit bunches and partially treated palm oil mill effluents in pilot scale”. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(2):69-78.
[6] Wicke, B., Dornburg, V., Junginger, M. and Faaij, A. (2008). “Different palm oil production systems for energy
purposes and their greenhouse gas implications”. Biomass Bioenergy 32 (12): 1322-1337.
[7] Lim, S. andTeong, L. K. (2010). “Recent trends, opportunities and challenges of biodiesel in Malaysia: An overview”. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 14(3):938-954.
[8] Schuchardt, F., Wulfert, K., Darnoko, D. and Herawan, T. (2006). “Sustainable waste water (POME) and waste (EFB) management in palm oil mills by a new process”. Proceedings of the International Oil Palm Conference 2006, Chemistry Technology Economics, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia, 19-23 June. pp. 201-211.
[9] Maheswaran, A., and Singam, G. (1977). “Pollution control in the palm oil industry–promulgation of regulations”. Planter 53:470-476.
[10] Ojonoma, O. L., and Nnennaya, R. (2007). “The environmental impact of palm oil mill effluent (POME) on some physic-chemical parameters and total aerobic bioload of soil at a dump site in Anyigba, Kogi State, Nigeria”.
[11] American Public Health Association, (1998). “Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater”. 19th Edition, American Public.
[12] Schuchardt, F., Wulfert, K., Darnoko, D., and Herawan, T. (2007). “Effect of new palm oil mill processes on the EFB and POME utilization”. Proceedings of Chemistry and Technology Conference PIPOC 2007, Kuala Lumpur, 26-30 August 2007.