Development of Geopolymer Concrete for the Protection of Environment: A Greener Alternative to Cement

International Journal of Civil Engineering

© 2019 by SSRG - IJCE Journal

Volume 6 Issue 3

Year of Publication : 2019

Authors : Jyotirmoy Mishra, Shaswat Kumar Das, Saurabh Kumar Singh, Syed Mohammed Mustakim

10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V6I3P106

How to Cite?

Jyotirmoy Mishra, Shaswat Kumar Das, Saurabh Kumar Singh, Syed Mohammed Mustakim, "Development of Geopolymer Concrete for the Protection of Environment: A Greener Alternative to Cement," SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 6,  no. 3, pp. 40-46, 2019. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V6I3P106

Abstract:

There has been rapid usage of concrete for infrastructure development in the present scenario all around the world. Consumption of cement in making concrete has proven to be posing a potential threat to our environment in terms of massive carbon footprints into the environment causing global warming. Sustainable development in the construction industry has been a major research area in the present decade, and geopolymer concrete is one such development towards sustainability. Geopolymer concrete is concrete without cement but better than OPC based concrete in all aspects. According to various research, limestone reserves are on the verge of extinction, and climate change has been an important environmental issue worldwide due to carbon emissions. This review paper presents the environmental issues by empirical data/surveys related to emissions of CO2 gases specific to the cement industry conducted by eminent scientists/researchers and several environmental research bodies and online non-government organizations. The literature in this paper focuses on experiments conducted worldwide in promoting geopolymer concrete as a green-building material stressing the importance of using eco-friendly construction material for sustainable development.

Keywords:

Geopolymer Concrete, carbon footprint, global warming, green building material, eco-friendly construction, sustainable development

References:

[1] Global cement production from 1990 to 2030 (in million metric tons) © Statista (2019).
[2] Mehta, P.K., Reducing the Environmental Impact of concrete, ACI Concrete International, 23(10),6166,(2001).
[3] CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita) © 2018 The World Bank Group
[4] Global carbon dioxide emissions will hit a record high in 2018, © Society for Science & the Public 2000 – 2018.
[5] McCaffrey, R., Climate Change and the Cement Industry, Global Cement and Lime Magazine (Environmental Special Issue),( 2002),15-19.
[6] AR5 Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change, © IPCC (2014).
[7] Joseph Davidovits, Geopolymer Chemistry and Applications 4th edition, Institut Géopolymère 16 rue Galilée F-02100 Saint-Quentin France, ISBN: 9782951482098, ©2008,2011, 2015 Joseph Davidovits.
[8] Report on Fly Ash Generation at Coal/Lignite Based Thermal Power Stations and its Utilization in the Country for the year 2016-17 and 2017-18, central electricity authority new Delhi
[9] Khairul Nizar, A. M. Mustafa Al Bakri, A. R. Rafiza, H. Kamarudin, A. Alida and Y. Zarina, Study on Physical and Chemical Properties of Fly Ash from Different Area in Malaysia, Key Engineering Materials,594-595,(2014),985-989,doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.594-595.985,© (2014). Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.
[10] V Nagendra, Dr. C Sashidhar, Dr. S M Prasanna Kumar, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS): Effect of Particle Size and Dosage on Compressive Strength with Microstructural Analysis of Concrete, International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET), ISSN: 2321-9653, 6(5),(2018).
[11] P. Chindaprasirt, S. Rukzon, V. Sirivivatnanon, Resistance to chloride penetration of blended Portland cement mortar containing palm oil fuel ash, rice husk ash and fly ash, Construction and Building Materials 22,(2008),923-938
[12] Partha Sarathi Deb, Pradip Nath, Prabir Kumar Sarker, The effects of ground granulated blast-furnace slag blending with fly ash and activator content on the workability and strength properties of geopolymer concrete cured at ambient temperature, Materials, and Design, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.05.001.
[13] S. Kumaravel, K. Girija, Development of High-Strength Geopolymer Concrete, Journal of Construction Engineering, Technology and Management, 4(1), ISSN: 2249-4723.
[14] Djwantoro Hardjito, Steenie E. Wallah, Dody M.J. Sumajouw, and BV Rangan, Factors influencing the compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete, Civil Engineering Dimension., 6(2),(2004),88–93,ISSN 1410-9530 .
[15] P. Nath, P.K Sarker, Effect of GGBFS on setting, workability and early strength properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete cured in ambient condition, Construction and Building Materials 66:163–171,(2014).
[16] .P. Chindaprasirt, T. Chareerat, V. Sirivivatnanon, Workability and strength of coarse high calcium fly ash geopolymer, Cement & Concrete Composites 29,(2007),224–229, doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.11.002.
[17] X. J. Song, M. Marosszeky, M. Brungs, R. Munn, Durability of fly ash based Geopolymer concrete against sulphuric acid attack, 10DBMC International Conference On Durability of Building Materials and Components LYON [France],17-20 (2005).
[18] Shaswat Kumar Das, Jyotirmoy Mishra, and Syed Mohammed Mustakim, Rice Husk Ash as a Potential Source Material for Geopolymer Concrete: A Review, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 13( 7),(2018),81-84.
[19] Monita Olivia, Hamid Nikraz, Properties of fly ash geopolymer concrete designed by Taguchi method, Materials and Design36,(2012),191–19, doi:10.1016/j.matdes.2011.10.036.
[20] Shaswat Kumar Das, Jyotirmoy Mishra, Syed Mohammed Mustakim, An Overview of Current Research Trends in
Geopolymer Concrete, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), e-ISSN: 2395-0056, p-ISSN: 2395-0072, 05(11) ,( 2018).
[21] Detwiler, R. J., and Mehta, P. K., Chemical and Physical Effects of Silica Fume on the Mechanical Behavior of Concrete, Materials Journal ,(1989).
[22] Andrew, Robbie, Global CO2 emissions from cement production.(2018).Zenodo.http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1336892.
[23] Vinod Kumar Gupta, Prof. AkhilKhare,. Geo Polymer Concrete. SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering 2(4), (2015),7-11.