Influence of Aggregate Properties on Compressive Strength of Concrete: A Statistical Approach

International Journal of Civil Engineering

© 2025 by SSRG - IJCE Journal

Volume 12 Issue 6

Year of Publication : 2025

Authors : R. Santhosh, P. Shivananda

10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V12I6P112

How to Cite?

R. Santhosh, P. Shivananda, "Influence of Aggregate Properties on Compressive Strength of Concrete: A Statistical Approach," SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 12,  no. 6, pp. 136-150, 2025. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488352/IJCE-V12I6P112

Abstract:

This research seeks to show how specific gravity, crushing value, and aggregate shape affect concrete's compressive strength. Concrete samples made with aggregates from seven sources were tested to understand how these aggregates impacted concrete at 7 and 28 days. Relationships between aggregate properties and strength were found by running one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and regression analysis. It is seen from the results that as aggregate crushing value goes down, compressive strength rises, and higher specific gravity improves its performance. The accuracy of the regression models for concrete strength prediction using aggregate properties was very high, with R² values being over 80%. The residual tests showed that the models can be trusted when developing concrete mixes. According to the results, the type of aggregate significantly used affects concrete strength and can guide decisions about which aggregate to pick for a strong material in construction.

Keywords:

Aggregate Crushing Value, Specific Gravity, Compressive Strength, Concrete Performance, Regression Analysis, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation.

References:

[1] Anthony Woode et al., “The Effect of Maximum Coarse Aggregate Size on the Compressive Strength of Concrete Produced in Ghana,” Civil and Environmental Research, vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 7-12, 2015.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[2] Greg McNally, Soil and Rock Construction Materials, 1st ed., CRC Press, pp. 1-416, 1998.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[3] Gary Alan Stensatter, “Influence of Aggregate Particle Shape upon Concrete Strength,” Thesis, Montana State University, pp. 1-77, pp. 1-77, 1963.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] Adam M. Neville, and J.J. Brooks, Concrete Technology, Prentice Hall, pp. 1-442, 2010.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] Nadwa Sadi Hassan, “Effect of Grading and Types of Coarse Aggregates on the Compressive Strength and Unit Weight of Concrete,” Mosul: Technical Institute, pp. 1-14, 2011.
[Google Scholar]
[6] C.H. Aginam, C.A. Chidolue, and C. Nwakire, “Investigating the Effects of Coarse Aggregate Types on the Compressive Strength of Concrete,” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 1140-1144, 2013.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] A.A. Jimoh, “A Study of the Influence of Aggregate Size and Type on the Compressive Strength of Concrete,” USEP: Journal of Research Information in Civil Engineering, vol. 4, no. 2, 2007.
[Google Scholar]
[8] P.C. Aitcin, and P.K. Mehta, “Effect of Coarse Aggregate Characteristics on Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Concrete,” Materials Journal, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 103-107, 1990.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] F.P. Zhou, F.D. Lydon, and B.I.G. Barr, “Effect of Coarse Aggregate on Elastic Modulus and Compressive Strength of High Performance Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 177-186, 1995.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] Francois de Larrard, and Albert Belloc, “The Influence of Aggregate on the Compressive Strength of Normal and High-Strength Concrete,” Material Journal, vol. 94, no. 5, pp. 417-426, 1997.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] J.L. Lafrenz, “Aggregate Grading Control for PCC Pavements: Improving Constructability of Concrete Pavements by Assuring Consistency of Mixes,” Proceedings, Fifth Annual International Center for Aggregates Research Symposium, Austin, Texas, 1997. [Google Scholar]
[12] H. Donza, O. Cabrera, and E.F. Irassar, “High-Strength Concrete with Different Fine Aggregate,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 32, no. 11, pp. 1755-1761, 2002.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[13] Mohammed Seddik Meddah, Salim Zitouni, and Saïd Belâabes, “Effect of Content and Particle Size Distribution of Coarse Aggregate on the Compressive Strength of Concrete,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 505-512, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[14] Remzi Şahin et al., “The Effects of Different Cement Dosages, Slumps and Pumice Aggregate Ratios on the Compressive Strength and Densities of Concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 1245-1249, 2003.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[15] Turan Özturan, and Cengizhan Çeçen, “Effect of Coarse Aggregate Type on Mechanical Properties of Concretes with Different Strengths,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 165-170, 1997.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[16] Walter Manuel Ruiz, “Effect of Volume of Aggregate on the Elastic and Inelastic Properties of Concrete,” Cornell University, 1966.
[Google Scholar]
[17] William Henry Glanville, “The Grading of Aggregates and Workability of Concrete,” Road Research Technical Paper 5, 1947.
[Google Scholar]
[18] M.F. Kaplan, “Flexural and Compressive Strength of Concrete as Affected by the Properties of Coarse Aggregates,” Journal Proceedings, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 1193-1208, 1959.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[19] Rokhshana Parvin et al., “Effects of Size of Coarse Aggregates on the Compressive Strength of Concrete,” International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1-5, 2024.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[20] K. Bhavya, and N. Sanjeev, “Effect of Different Types of Coarse Aggregates on Physical Properties of Mostly Used Grades M20, M25, M30 of Concrete,” IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 46-51, 2017.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[21] Y. El Berdai et al., “How Does Coarse Aggregate Type Influence Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Concrete?,” Materials Journal, vol. 122, no. 3, pp. 79-88, 2025.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]