Experimental Investigation on Diesel Engine Performance Analysis of Ternary Fuel (Diesel - Biodiesel-Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles) Mixtures

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering

© 2025 by SSRG - IJME Journal

Volume 12 Issue 11

Year of Publication : 2025

Authors : R. Balaji, S. Nallusamy, V. S. Hariharan, Partha Sarathi Chakraborty

10.14445/23488360/IJME-V12I11P101

How to Cite?

R. Balaji, S. Nallusamy, V. S. Hariharan, Partha Sarathi Chakraborty, "Experimental Investigation on Diesel Engine Performance Analysis of Ternary Fuel (Diesel - Biodiesel-Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles) Mixtures," SSRG International Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 12,  no. 11, pp. 1-13, 2025. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.14445/23488360/IJME-V12I11P101

Abstract:

In the current scenario, Biodiesel is the best alternative to regular diesel fuel, as demonstrated by several studies. In contrast, Biodiesel led to higher nitric oxide emissions. This experimental research investigates the performance of a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine employing 30% Juliflora Methyl Ester (JFME30) with variable percentages of Magnesium Oxide (MgO) tiny additive in levels of 30ppm, 40ppm, and 50ppm. The research findings demonstrated that when compared to standard diesel, the JFME30 + 40 ppm MgO mix considerably decreases hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, smoke opacity, and NO emissions by 23.8%, 33.3%, 32.5%, and 16%, respectively. The JFME30+40ppm MgO combination also resulted in enhanced combustion characteristics and engine performance. From the final observations, it was found that there is a considerable difference in NO reduction of 16% and smoke opacity of 11.82% at full load. The engine’s combustion characteristics improve, and there is a significant trade-off between smoke and NO emissions.

Keywords:

Juliflora Methyl Ester, Magnesium Oxide, Diesel Engine, Emission, Combustion, Nanoparticles.

References:

[1] Prabu Arockiasamy, and Ramachandran Bhagavathiammal Anand, “Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a D.I. Diesel Engine Fuelled with Nanoparticle Blended Jatropha Biodiesel,” Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 88-93, 2015.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[2] Hurmathulla Khan et al., “Effect of Nano-Graphene Oxide and n-Butanol Fuel Additives Blended with Diesel-Nigella Sativa Biodiesel Fuel Emulsion on Diesel Engine Characteristics,” Symmetry, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1-28, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[3] H. Idriss, “Ethanol Reactions over the Surfaces of Noble Metal/Cerium Oxide Catalysts,” Platinum Metals Review, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 105-115, 2004.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[4] M.A. Asokan et al., “Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Juliflora Biodiesel Fuelled DI Diesel Engine,” Energy, vol. 173, pp. 883-892, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[5] M. Rajeshwaran et al., “Studies on Prosopis Juliflora Methyl Ester Production and its Effect on DI Diesel Engine,” Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 1286-1292, 2020.
[Google Scholar]
[6] Zhi-Hui Zhang, and Rajasekhar Balasubramanian, “Investigation of Particulate Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Higher Alcohols / Biodiesel Blends,” Applied Energy, vol. 163, pp. 7-80, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[7] Lew P. Christopher, Hemanathan Kumar, and Vasudeo P. Zambare, “Enzymatic Biodiesel: Challenges and Opportunities,” Applied Energy, vol. 119, pp. 497-520, 2014.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[8] Lin Lin et al., “Opportunities and Challenges for Biodiesel Fuel,” Applied Energy, vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 1020-1031, 2011.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[9] Manpreet Singh Sidhu, Murari Mohon Roy, and Wilson Wang, “Glycerine Emulsions of Diesel-Biodiesel Blends and their Performance and Emissions in a Diesel Engine,” Applied Energy, vol. 230, pp. 148-159, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[10] Osama Ahmed Elsanusi, Murari Mohon Roy, and Manpreet Singh Sidhu, “Experimental Investigation on a Diesel Engine Fueled by Diesel-Biodiesel Blends and their Emulsions at Various Engine Operating Conditions,” Applied Energy, vol. 203, pp. 582-593, 2017.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[11] V. Dhana Raju et al., “An Experimental Study on the Effect of Nanoparticles with Novel Tamarind Seed Methyl Ester for Diesel Engine Applications,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 164, pp. 655-666, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[12] Jaykumar Yadav, and A. Ramesh, “Injection Strategies for Reducing Smoke and Improving the Performance of a Butanol-Diesel Common Rail Dual Fuel Engine,” Applied Energy, vol. 212, pp. 1-12, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[13] Ayat Gharehghani et al., “Simultaneous Reduction of CO and NOx Emissions as Well as Fuel Consumption by Using Water and Nano Particles in Diesel-Biodiesel Blend,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 210, pp. 1164-1170, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[14] Patricia Bogalhos Lucente Fregolente, Leonardo Vasconcelos Fregolente, and Maria Regina Wolf Maciel, “Water Content in Biodiesel, Diesel, and Biodiesel-Diesel Blends,” Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1817-1821, 2012.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[15] Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar et al., “The Effect of Nano-Additives in Diesel-Biodiesel Fuel Blends: A Comprehensive Review on Stability, Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 178, pp. 146-177, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[16] Motaharesadat Hosseini et al., “Sol-Gel Synthesis, Physico-Chemical and Biological Characterization of Cerium Oxide / Polyallylamine Nanoparticles,” Polymer, vol. 12, no. 7, pp. 1-14, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[17] V. Sajith, C.B. Sobhan, and G.P. Peterson, “Experimental Investigations on the Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Fuel Additives on Biodiesel,” Advances in Mechanical Engineering, vol. 2010, pp. 1-6, 2010.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[18] R.S. Gavhane et al., “Influence of Silica Nano-Additives on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Soybean Biodiesel Fuelled Diesel Engine,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1-16, 2021.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[19] S.P. Venkatesan et al., “Performance and Emission Test on Diesel Engine Using Prosopis Juliflora Seed Oil,” International Journal of Ambient Energy, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 1701-1706, 2022.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[20] R.S. Dubey, Katta Venkata Krishnamurthy, and Shyam Singh, “Experimental Studies of TiO2 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel and Solvothermal Routes for DSSCs Application,” Research in Physics, vol. 14, pp. 1-6, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[21] S.P. Venkatesan, and P.N. Kadiresh, “Influence of an Aqueous Cerium Oxide Nanofluid Fuel Additive on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine,” International Journal of Ambient Energy, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 64-67, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[22] Wouter M.J. Achten et al., “Jatropha Biodiesel Fueling Sustainability?,” Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining: Innovation for a Sustainable Economy, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 283-291, 2007.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[23] Aram Heidari-Maleni et al., “Performance Improvement and Exhaust Emissions Reduction in Diesel Engine through the Use of Graphene Quantum Dot (GQD) Nanoparticles and Ethanol-Biodiesel Blends,” Fuel, vol. 267, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[24] J. Sadhik Basha, “Impact of Carbon Nanotubes and Di-Ethyl Ether as Additives with Biodiesel Emulsion Fuels in a Diesel Engine – An Experimental Investigation,” Journal of the Energy Institute, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 289-303, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[25] Jassinnee Milano et al., “Optimization of Biodiesel Production by Microwave Irradiation-Assisted Transesterification for Waste Cooking Oil-Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil Via Response Surface Methodology,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 158, pp. 400-415, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[26] Hyung Jun Kim, Su Han Park, and Chang Sik Lee, “Impact of Fuel Spray Angles and Injection Timing on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a High-Speed Diesel Engine,” Energy, vol. 107, pp. 572-579, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[27] M. Gowtham, and R. Prakash, “Control of Regulated and Unregulated Emissions from a CI Engine Using Reformulated Nano Fuel Emulsions,” Fuel, vol. 271, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[28] Harish Venu, and Venkataramanan Madhavan, “Effect of Al2O3 Nanoparticles in Biodiesel-Diesel-Ethanol Blends at Various Injection Strategies: Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics,” Fuel, vol. 186, pp. 176-189, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[29] Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar et al., “The Effects of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticle Additive Stably Dispersed in Dairy Scum Oil Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Blend on CI Engine: Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics,” Fuel, vol. 257, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[30] S. Abdul Sheriff et al., “Emission Reduction in CI Engine Using Biofuel Reformulation Strategies through Nano Additives for Atmospheric Air Quality Improvement,” Renewable Energy, vol. 147, no. 1, pp. 2295-2308, 2020.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[31] Syed Javed et al., “Effect of a Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Fuel Additive on the Emission Reduction of a Hydrogen Dual-Fuelled Engine with Jatropha Methyl Ester Biodiesel Blends,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 137, pp. 490-506, 2016.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[32] Yuvarajan Devarajan et al., “Combustion, Performance, and Emission Study of a Research Diesel Engine Fueled with Palm Oil Biodiesel and Its Additive,” Energy & Fuels, vol. 32, no. 8, pp. 8447-8452, 2018.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[33] C.S. Wong, and R. Othman, “Biodiesel Production by Enzymatic Transesterification of Papaya Seed Oil and Rambutan Seed Oil,” International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 2773-2777, 2014.
[Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]
[34] P. Sathiamurthi, K.S. Karthi Vinith, and A. Sivakumar, “Performance and Emission Test in CI Engine using Magnetic Fuel Conditioning with Nano Additives,” International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 7823-7826, 2019.
[CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [Publisher Link]